Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum

Synonyms

Homotypic

• Papaver album Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 129. 1763, nom. illeg.
• Papaver amplexicaule Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 181. 1812, nom. illeg.
• Papaver nigrum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 129. 1763, nom. illeg.
• Papaver officinale C.Gmel., Fl. Bad. 2: 479. 1806, nom. illeg.
• Papaver somniferum var. officinale Cosson & Germain de Saint- Pierre, Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, ed. 2. 93. 1861, nom. inadmiss.

Heterotypic

• Papaver album Mill., , Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, nom. illeg. non Crantz (1763).
• Papaver amoenum Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 56. 1839.
• Papaver amplexicaule var. album (Miller) Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 192. 1812.
• Papaver amplexicaule var. nigrum Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 191. 1812.
• Papaver glabrum Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch. 213. 1782, nom. inval.
• Papaver glaucum subsp. indicum (Vess.) Rothm., in Index sem. gaterslebense, 44. 1949.
• Papaver glaucum Leichtlin ex Gartenfl. 40. 608, fig. 116-17. 1891, nom. illeg. non Boiss. & Hausskn. (1867).
• Papaver glaucum var. leucum Rothm., Ind. Sem. 4326.
• Papaver hortense Hussenot, Chard. Nanc. 39. 1835.
• Papaver indehiscens Dumort., Fl. Belg. 130. 1827.
• Papaver nigrum Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 3. 267. 1901.
• Papaver opiiferum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-arab. 113. 1763.
• Papaver opiiferum var. album DC.
• Papaver polycephalum Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre 594. 1863.
• Papaver setigerum var. hortense (Hussenot) Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 152. 1893.
• Papaver silvestre Godron, Mém. Soc. Emul. Coubs, ser. 2. 5: 23. 1854.
• Papaver somniferum convar. drogist (Basil. & Zhuk.) M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 205, 1975.
• Papaver somniferum convar. indicum (Vess.) M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 206, 1975, sine typ. ref.
• Papaver somniferum convar. nigrum (Hayne) Alef., Landw. Fl., 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum convar. opiiferum (Basil.) M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 193, 1975.
• Papaver somniferum convar. tarbagataicum (Basil.) M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 201, 1975.
• Papaver somniferum f. apodocarpum Hussenot ex Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. caesium Alef., Landw. Fl. 229. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. dinocarpum Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. haageanum Alef., Landw. Fl. 229. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. hortense (Hussenot) Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. hussenotii Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. luteum Alef., Landw. Fl. 229. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. paeoniflorum Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. quassandrum Alef., Landw. Fl. 229. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. roseum Alef., Landw. Fl. 229. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum f. stipitatum Hussenot ex Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum proles drogist Basil. & Zhuk.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. indicum Vess., in Trudy prikl. bot., suppl. vol. 56, 157. 1933.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. hortense (Hussenot) Corb., Nouv. Fl. Normand., 30. 1893.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. nigrum (DC.) Thell.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. nigrum Schübl. & G. Martens, nom. illeg., non DC.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. officinale (C.C.Gmel.) Bonnier & Layens
• Papaver somniferum subsp. songaricum Basil., Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekc. 19(2): 134. 1928.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. subspontaneum Basil.
• Papaver somniferum subsp. tarbagataicum Basil., Bull. appl. Bot. 25, 5...?
• Papaver somniferum subsp. variegatum Wender.
• Papaver somniferum var. album DC., Syst. Nat. (de Candolle) 2:82. 1821.
• Papaver somniferum var. album (Mill.) M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 196. 1975.
• Papaver somniferum var. austroviolaceum M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 195, 1975.
• Papaver somniferum var. genuinovilaceum M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 198, 1975.
• Papaver somniferum var. glabrum Boissier, Fl. Orient. 1: 116. 1867.
• Papaver somniferum var. griseum Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866.
• Papaver somniferum var. hortense (Hussenot) Rouy & Foucaud
• Papaver somniferum var. laciniatum Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 3: t. 17(4481). 1838-1839.
• Papaver somniferum var. leucum (Rothm.) K.Hammer, Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 555. 1987.
• Papaver somniferum var. opiiferum Basil.
• Papaver somniferum var. nigrum DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 82. 1821.
• Papaver somniferum var. poecilospermum Alef., Landw. Fl. 228. 1866
• Papaver somniferum var. pullatum M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 205(1975).
• Papaver somniferum var. rubellum M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 207(1975), nom.
• Papaver somniferum var. violiflorum M.A.Veselovskaya, in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., 55(1): 207, 1975, nom. nud.
• Papaver stipitatum Hussenot

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 508. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 February 24. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. 24. Published online. Accessed: February 2025. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum. Accessed: 24 February 2025.
• Tropicos.org 2025. Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 24 February 2025.