Bikonta

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Supergroup:
Cladi: Archaeplastida – Pancryptista – Haptista – Provora – Tsar

Bikonta Cavalier-Smith, 1993

• Biciliata Cavalier-Smith, 1993
• Photokaryotes Cavalier-Smith, 1999
• Diaphoretickes Adl et al., 2012 [It excludes Excavata.]
• Diphoda Derelle et al., 2015
• Corticata Lankester, 1877, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 2015

• Cavalier-Smith T., 1993. Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol.
• Adl. S.M., Bass, D., Lane, C.E., Burger, G., Schoch, C.L., Smirnov, A., Agatha, S., Berney, C., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Cárdenas, P., Čepička, I., Chistyakova, L., Del Campo, J., Dunthorn, M., Edvardsen, B., Eglit, Y., Guillou, L., Hampl, V., Heiss, A.A., Hoppenrath, M., James, T.Y., Karnkowska, A.E., Karpov, S., Kim, E., Kolisko, M., Lahr, D.J.G., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., Mann, D.G., Massana, R., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrow, C., Park, J.S., Pawlowski, J.W., Powell, M.J., Richter, D.J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Shimano, S., Spiegel, F.W., Torruella, G., Youssef, N., Zlatogursky, V.V. & Zhang, Q. 2018 (Online) 2019 (Print). Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66(1): 4–119. DOI: 10.1111/JEU.12691 Reference page. 
• Burki, F., Shalchian-Tabrizi, K., Minge, M., Skjæveland, A., Nikolaev, S.I., Jakobsen, K.S. & Pawlowski, J. 2007. Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups. PLoS ONE 2 : e790. Ful article.
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1999. Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 46(4), 347–366, Abstract.
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 39: 338–348
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2009. Megaphylogeny, cell body plans, adaptive zones: causes and timing of eukaryote basal radiations. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 56: 26–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00373.x Abstract.
• Tikhonenkov, D.V., Mikhailov, K.V., Gawryluk, R.M.R., Belyaev, A.O., Mathur, V., Karpov, S.A., Zagumyonnyi, D.G., Borodina, A.S., Prokina, K.I., Mylnikov, A.P., Aleoshin, V.V., Keeling, P.J. 2022. Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes. Nature 612(7941), 714–719. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05511-5, PMID: 36477531.

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