Pinus monophylla

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Strobus
Sectio: P. sect. Parrya
Subsectio: P. subsect. Cembroides
Species:
Subspecies: P. m. subsp. fallax – P. m. subsp. monophylla

Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém., in J.C.Frémont, Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts.: 319 (1845).

• Homotypic
  • Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 597 (1905).
  • Pinus cembroides var. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 95 (1907 publ. 1908).
  • Pinus cembroides subsp. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 22 (1982).
  • Pinus edulis var. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Torr. in J.C.Ives, Rep. Colorado R.: 28 (1860).
  • Pinus fremontiana Endl., Syn. Conif.: 183 (1847), nom. superfl.
• Heterotypic
  • Pinus californiarum subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.Bailey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 279 (1987).
  • Pinus edulis var. fallax Little, Phytologia 17: 331 (1968).
  • Pinus fallax (Little) Businský, Acta Pruhon. 88: 11 (2008) nom. illeg. hom., non Saporta (1865), fossil name.
  • Pinus monophylla var. fallax (Little) Silba, Phytologia 68: 54 (1990).
  • Pinus monophylla subsp. fallax (Little) Silba, J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16: 27 (2009).
    

Montes et al. (2019 & 2022) suggest that P. californiarum should be treated as a separate species from P. monophylla and support recognizing P. fallax as a species rather than as an infraspecific taxon of P. monophylla or P. edulis. However, both species names are problematic under ICN. Govaerts et al. (2023) and Farjon (2010) do not recognise the subspecies.

• J. C. Frémont, Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842, and to Oregon and North California: 319, t.4], 1843 ("monophyllus", orth. err.).

• Kral, R. 1993. Pinus. Pp. 373-398 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page. 
• Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 
• Montes, J.R., Peláez, P., Willyard, A., Moreno-Letelier, A., Piñero, D. & Gernandt, D.S.} 2019. Phylogenetics of Pinus subsection Cembroides Engelm.(Pinaceae) inferred from low-copy nuclear gene sequences. Systematic Botany 44(3): 501-518. DOI: 10.1600/036364419X15620113920563 Reference page. 
• Montes, J.R., Peláez, P., Moreno‐Letelier, A. & Gernandt, D.S. 2022. Coalescent‐based species delimitation in North American pinyon pines using low‐copy nuclear genes and plastomes. American Journal of Botany 109(5): 706–726. DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1847 Reference page. 

• Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus monophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42381A2976514.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus monophylla in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 7. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus monophylla. Published online. Accessed: March 7 2023. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus monophylla. Accessed: 7 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus monophylla. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 7. Reference page. 

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