თოში
Georgian
Alternative forms
- თოშა (toša)
Etymology
From Proto-Georgian-Zan *toš-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰoʃi/
- Hyphenation: თო‧ში
Noun
თოში • (toši) (uncountable)
- slush, floe
- (Khevsureti, botany) leaves of Caucasian rhododendron (for dyeing)
Inflection
Declension of თოში (see Georgian declension)
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | თოში (toši) | ||
| ergative | თოშმა (tošma) | ||
| dative | თოშს(ა) (tošs(a)) | ||
| genitive | თოშის(ა) (tošis(a)) | ||
| instrumental | თოშით(ა) (tošit(a)) | ||
| adverbial | თოშად(ა) (tošad(a)) | ||
| vocative | თოშო (tošo) | ||
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
Postpositional inflection of თოში (see Georgian postpositions)
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| -ზე (on - ) | თოშზე (tošze) | |
| -თან (near - ) | თოშთან (toštan) | |
| -ში (in - ) | თოშში (tošši) | |
| -ვით (like a - ) | თოშივით (tošivit) | |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (for - ) | თოშისთვის (tošistvis) | |
| -ებრ (like a - ) | თოშისებრ (tošisebr) | |
| -კენ (towards - ) | თოშისკენ (tošisḳen) | |
| -გან (from/of - ) | თოშისგან (tošisgan) | |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (from / since - ) | თოშიდან (tošidan) | |
| -ურთ (together with - ) | თოშითურთ (tošiturt) | |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (up to - ) | თოშამდე (tošamde) |
Descendants
- → Armenian: թոշ (tʻoš), թորշ (tʻorš)
- → Laz: თოში (toşi)
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թոշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 197a
- Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “თოში”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
- Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “თოში”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words] (in Georgian), volume I, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 251
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