ḏws

See also: DWs

Egyptian

Etymology

Likely from earlier sḏwj (“to slander”) by metathesis.

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to falsely speak ill of someone (+ n: to (a person of authority)); to malign, to slander, to tell on [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

The exact conjugation class is uncertain; the verb may potentially also have a weak ending, as in the unmetathesized form.

Conjugation of ḏws (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏws, geminated stem: ḏwss
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏws
 ḏwsw, ḏws
 ḏwst
 ḏws
 ḏws
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏws
 ḥr ḏws
 m ḏws
 r ḏws
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏws.n
 ḏwsw, ḏws
 consecutive ḏws.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏwst
perfective3 ḏws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏws.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏws
 ḏwss
 potentialis1 ḏws.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏws.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏws
 ḏws, ḏwsw5, ḏwsy5
imperfective ḏws, ḏwsy, ḏwsw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏws, ḏwsj6, ḏwsy6
 ḏws, ḏwsw5
prospective ḏws, ḏwstj7
 — ḏwstj4, ḏwst4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏws  
dws dsj ḏs ḏws

References
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 552.6
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 316
  • Fecht, Gerhard (1974) “Die Königs-Insignien mit s-Suffix (1. Teil)” in Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, volume 1, page 189
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