均す

Japanese
Kanji in this term
均
なら
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
平す

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) なら​す [nàráꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɾa̠sɨᵝ]

Verb

均(なら)す • (narasu) godan (stem 均(なら)し (narashi), past 均(なら)した (narashita))

  1. to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
    • c. 1177-1188, Iroha Jiruishō (volume 5, Na 20 reverse)[2]
      鏟　ナラス 平大石也
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 315:
      [3]
      Giuo narasu. （地を均す）土地を平らにする。
  2. to average, make things equal

Conjugation
Conjugation of "均す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 均さ ならさ narasa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 均し ならし narashi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 均す ならす narasu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 均す ならす narasu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 均せ ならせ narase
Meireikei ("imperative") 均せ ならせ narase
Key constructions
Passive 均される ならされる narasareru
Causative 均させる
均さす		 ならさせる
ならさす		 narasaseru
narasasu
Potential 均せる ならせる naraseru
Volitional 均そう ならそう narasō
Negative 均さない ならさない narasanai
Negative continuative 均さず ならさず narasazu
Formal 均します ならします narashimasu
Perfective 均した ならした narashita
Conjunctive 均して ならして narashite
Hypothetical conditional 均せば ならせば naraseba
Classical conjugation of "均す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 均さならさnarasa
Continuative (連用形) 均しならしnarasi
Terminal (終止形) 均すならすnarasu
Attributive (連体形) 均すならすnarasu
Realis (已然形) 均せならせnarase
Imperative (命令形) 均せならせnarase
Key constructions
Negative 均さずならさずnarasazu
Contrasting conjunction 均せどならせどnarasedo
Causal conjunction 均せばならせばnaraseba
Conditional conjunction 均さばならさばnarasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 均しきならしきnarasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 均しけりならしけりnarasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 均しつならしつnarasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 均しぬならしぬnarasinu
Perfect-continuative tense 均せり
均したり		ならせり
ならしたり		naraseri
narasitari
Volitional 均さむならさむnarasamu

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 均(なら)し (narashi)
  • 押(お)し均(なら)す (oshinarasu)
  • 掻(か)き均(なら)す (kakinarasu)
  • 引(ひ)き均(なら)す (hikinarasu)
  • 踏(ふ)み均(なら)す (fuminarasu)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
  3. Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Old Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Root nar- relates to “flat, flatness”.

Noun

均す (narasu) (kana ならす)

  1. to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3546:
      ,[1] text here
      安乎楊木能波良路可波刀爾奈乎麻都等西美度波久末受多知度奈良須母
      awoyagi2 no2 pararo1 kapato1 ni na wo matu to2 semi1do1 pa kumazu tatido1 narasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4491:
      ,[2] text here
      於保吉宇美能美奈曾己布可久於毛比都都毛婢伎奈良之思須我波良能佐刀
      opoki1umi1 no2 mi1naso2ko2 pukaku omopi1tutu mobi1ki1 narasisi sugapara no2 sato1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "均す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 均さならさnarasa
Continuative (連用形) 均しならしnarasi
Terminal (終止形) 均すならすnarasu
Attributive (連体形) 均すならすnarasu
Realis (已然形) 均せならせnarase
Imperative (命令形) 均せならせnarase
Key constructions
Negative 均さずならさずnarasazu
Contrasting conjunction 均せどならせどnarasedo
Causal conjunction 均せばならせばnaraseba
Conditional conjunction 均さばならさばnarasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 均しきならしきnarasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 均しけりならしけりnarasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 均しつならしつnarasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 均しぬならしぬnarasinu
Perfect-continuative tense 均せり
均したり		ならせり
ならしたり		naraseri
narasitari
Volitional 均さむならさむnarasamu

Derived terms
  • 立ち均す (tatinarasu)
  • 踏み均す (pumi1narasu)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 均す, 平す (narasu)

References
  1. Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 2: Man’yōshū 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2000, →ISBN.
  2. Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
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