扼する
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 扼 |
| やく Hyōgaiji |
| goon |
Etymology
From classical verb 扼す (yakusu).
Verb
扼する • (yakusuru) suru (stem 扼し (yakushi), past 扼した (yakushita))
- to clasp, to hold tightly, to command
- 1939, Eiji Yoshikawa, Taiko, Tokyo: Kodansha, published 1990:
- 文化的には、ここは沃野をかかえ、嶮山を負い、京都諸地方への交通路を扼して、天産に恵まれ、農工も旺んだし、— 水は麗しく、女もきれいだが、日吉は心のうちで、「腐えている！」と、観た。
- Bunka-teki ni wa, koko wa yokuya o kakae, kenzan o oi, Kyōto shochihō e no kōtsūro o yakushite, tensan ni megumare, nōkō mo sakandashi,— mizu wa uruwashiku, onna mo kirei da ga, Hiyoshi wa kokoro no uchi de,“Sueteiru!” to, mita.
- Culturally, this place held fertile plains, bore steep mountains, commanded the travel routes to Kyoto and several other regions, and was blessed with natural products; agriculture and industry were abundant — the water was pure and the women were beautiful, but Hiyoshi, in his heart, looked at it and thought, “It's rotting!”
- 文化的には、ここは沃野をかかえ、嶮山を負い、京都諸地方への交通路を扼して、天産に恵まれ、農工も旺んだし、— 水は麗しく、女もきれいだが、日吉は心のうちで、「腐えている！」と、観た。
- to hold down, to press down, to crush, to repress
- to press a point
Conjugation
Conjugation of "扼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 扼さ 扼し |
やくさ やくし |
yakusa yakushi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 扼し | やくし | yakushi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 扼する | やくする | yakusuru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 扼する | やくする | yakusuru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 扼すれ | やくすれ | yakusure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 扼せ 扼しろ 扼せよ |
やくせ やくしろ やくせよ |
yakuse yakushiro yakuseyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 扼される | やくされる | yakusareru |
| Causative | 扼させる 扼さす |
やくさせる やくさす |
yakusaseru yakusasu |
| Potential | 扼せる | やくせる | yakuseru |
| Volitional | 扼そう 扼しよう |
やくそう やくしよう |
yakusō yakushiyō |
| Negative | 扼さない 扼しない |
やくさない やくしない |
yakusanai yakushinai |
| Negative continuative | 扼さず | やくさず | yakusazu |
| Formal | 扼します | やくします | yakushimasu |
| Perfective | 扼した | やくした | yakushita |
| Conjunctive | 扼して | やくして | yakushite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 扼すれば 扼せば |
やくすれば やくせば |
yakusureba yakuseba |
Classical conjugation of "扼す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 扼せ | やくせ | yakuse |
| Continuative (連用形) | 扼し | やくし | yakusi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 扼す | やくす | yakusu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 扼する | やくする | yakusuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 扼すれ | やくすれ | yakusure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 扼せよ | やくせよ | yakuseyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 扼せず | やくせず | yakusezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 扼すれど | やくすれど | yakusuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 扼すれば | やくすれば | yakusureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 扼せば | やくせば | yakuseba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 扼しき | やくしき | yakusiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 扼しけり | やくしけり | yakusikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 扼しつ | やくしつ | yakusitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 扼しぬ | やくしぬ | yakusinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 扼せり 扼したり | やくせり やくしたり | yakuseri yakusitari |
| Volitional | 扼せむ | やくせむ | yakusemu |
Idioms
- 咽喉を扼する (inkō o yakusuru)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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