脆

脆	U+8106, 脆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8106

← 脅
[U+8105]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脇 →
[U+8107]

Translingual

Han character

脆 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月弓一山 (BNMU), four-corner 7721₂, composition ⿰⺼危)

Derived characters

𦟒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 982, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29468

Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 9

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2069, character 4

Unihan data for U+8106

Chinese

trad.		脆
simp. ^#		脆
alternative forms		脃／脆膬脺毳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (絕) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蕝	ʔsods, ʔsod
脃	*sʰods
脆	*sʰods
絕	*zod

Originally 脃. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰods) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + abbreviated phonetic 絕 (OC *zod).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cuì (cui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhe / chhoi

(Meixian, Guangdong): coi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): chuói
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhùi / chhèr / chhè
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tshoe; ⁵tshe; ⁵tshue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cuèi
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻui⁴
  - Yale: tswèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuey
  - Palladius: цуй (cuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceoi³
  - Yale: cheui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhe / chhoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ce / coi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ce⁴ / coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰe⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chuói
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhùi
  - Tâi-lô: tshuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhuix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰui¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰui²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèr
  - Tâi-lô: tshèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhè
  - Tâi-lô: tshè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhex
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe²¹/
  - IPA (Philippines): /t͡sʰe⁴¹/

Note:

chhùi - literary;
chhèr/chhè - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshoe; ⁵tshe; ⁵tshue
  - MiniDict: tshoe^去; tshe^去; tshue^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshoe; ²tshe; ²tshue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰø³⁴/, /t͡sʰe³⁴/, /t͡sʰue³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 脆
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰuei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuei⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰuei²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰuei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰuɨ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰuei⁵³/ 易折損 /t͡sʰuei¹³/ 清～
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰuei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰuei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuei¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuei²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰuei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰuəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰuei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰe³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰe̞⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷei⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰye³²⁴/ /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰe⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰei⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰəi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰui²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰoi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰøy³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰui³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰøy³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰui²¹/ /t͡sʰe²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰuɔi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰo³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰui⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sui³⁵/ /se³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshjwejH

Rime
Character	脆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	祭 (36)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	此芮切
Baxter	tshjwejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiuᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰʷiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiuæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwiaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiuɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯wɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]o[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰods/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cuì
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjwej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]o[t]-s/
English	brittle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脆
Reading #	1/1
No.	7250
Phonetic component	絕
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	毳
Old Chinese	/*sʰods/
Notes	俗脃字見老子今本（範本作脃）

Definitions

脆

brittle; fragile
(of food) crisp; crispy
脆皮燒肉／脆皮烧肉 ― cuì pí shāoròu ― siu yuk with crispy skin
(of voices) clear; crisp
清脆 ― qīngcuì ― clear and crisp
(of speech or action) neat; quick; concise

Synonyms

(crisp):

Dialectal synonyms of 脆 (“crispy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		脆
Mandarin	Taiwan	脆
	Yantai (Muping)	脆
	Jinan	脆, 酥
	Luoyang	脆, 酥
	Wanrong	脆, 酥
	Xi'an	脆, 酥
	Yinchuan	脆
	Nanjing	酥
	Singapore	脆
Cantonese	Guangzhou	脆, 酥, 爽, 爽脆
	Hong Kong	脆, 酥, 爽, 爽脆
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	脆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	脆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	脆
	Dongguan	爽
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	脆
Gan	Nanchang	脆, 酥
Gan	Pingxiang	酥
Hakka	Meixian	脆
	Hong Kong	酥
	Senai (Huiyang)	鬆, 酥
Huizhou	Jixi	酥
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	酥, 脆
Southern Min	Xiamen	酥
	Quanzhou	酥
	Zhangzhou	酥
	Taipei	酥 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	酥
	Manila (Hokkien)	脆, 酥
	Chaozhou	酥
	Shantou	酥, 脆
	Jieyang	酥
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	酥
	Haikou	酥
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	脆
Wu	Shanghai	脆
	Shanghai (Chongming)	脆
	Suzhou	脆
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(clear):

亮
亮堂 (liàngtáng)
嘹亮 (liáoliàng)
宏亮 (hóngliàng)
昂揚／昂扬 (ángyáng)
朗朗 (lǎnglǎng)
洪亮 (hóngliàng)
清亮
琅琅 (lángláng)
豁亮 (huòliàng)
響／响 (xiǎng)
響亮／响亮 (xiǎngliàng)
高亢 (gāokàng)
高昂 (gāo'áng)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “fragile”): 韌／韧 (rèn)

Compounds

乾脆／干脆 (gāncuì)
乾脆爽快／干脆爽快
浮脆
清脆 (qīngcuì)
爽脆 (shuǎngcuì)
甘脆 (gāncuì)
脆促
脆弱 (cuìruò)
脆快
脆快了當／脆快了当
脆怯
脆性 (cuìxìng)
脆生
脆薄
脆餅／脆饼
脆骨 (cuìgǔ)
薄脆
輕脆／轻脆
迸脆
香脆
鬆脆／松脆 (sōngcuì)

Japanese

Kanji

脆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)^{←さい (sai, historical)}
Kan-on: せい (sei)^{←せい (sei, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ぜい (zei)^{←ぜい (zei, historical)}
Kun: もろい (moroi, 脆い); よわい (yowai, 脆い)

Compounds

脆(ぜい)化(か) (zeika)
脆(ぜい)弱(じゃく) (zeijaku)
脆(ぜい)性(せい) (zeisei)
軟(なん)脆(ぜい) (nanzei)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脆 (MC tshjwejH).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰɥi] ~ [t͡ɕʰy]
Phonetic hangul: [취]

Hanja

Wikisource 脆 (eumhun 연(軟)할 취 (yeonhal chwi))

Compounds

취겁 (脆怯, chwigeop)
취리 (脆梨, chwiri)
취매 (脆梅, chwimae)
취성 (脆性, chwiseong)
취약 (脆弱, chwiyak)
취연 (脆軟, chwiyeon)
취은광 (脆銀鑛, chwieun'gwang)
취은석 (脆銀石, chwieunseok)
취자채 (脆紫菜, chwijachae)
취장 (脆臟, chwijang)
경취 (勁脆, gyeongchwi)
눈취 (嫩脆, nunchwi)
연취 (軟脆, yeonchwi)
유취 (柔脆, yuchwi)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 脆

Vietnamese

Han character

脆: Hán Nôm readings: thúy/thuý

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