豆乾

See also: 豆干

Chinese

		bean	dried-up food
trad. (豆乾)		豆	乾
simp. (豆干)		豆	干

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dòugān

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ ㄍㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dau⁶ gon¹
Gan (Wiktionary): teu⁵ gon¹
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): têu⁴ gon¹
Eastern Min (BUC): dâu-guăng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tāu-koaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁷ guan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòugān
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòugan
  - Wade–Giles: tou⁴-kan¹
  - Yale: dòu-gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowgan
  - Palladius: доугань (douganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dau⁶ gon¹
  - Yale: dauh gōn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶ gon¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶ gon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²² kɔːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: teu⁵ gon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛu¹¹ kɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: têu⁴ gon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³ kɔn⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu-guăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)uaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-koaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tāu-kuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dauxkvoaf
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tau²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tau³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dao⁷ guan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu kuaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau¹¹ kũã³³/

Noun

豆乾

dougan; dried tofu
(Nanchang Gan, Meixian Hakka, Teochew) tofu; bean curd

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豆腐乾 (“dried tofu”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豆腐乾
Mandarin	Beijing	豆腐乾兒
	Taiwan	豆腐乾, 豆乾
	Harbin	豆腐乾兒
	Yantai (Muping)	豆腐乾兒
	Jinan	豆腐乾兒
	Luoyang	豆腐乾兒
	Xi'an	豆腐乾兒
	Yinchuan	豆腐乾
	Lanzhou	豆腐乾
	Xining	豆腐乾
	Ürümqi	豆腐乾兒
	Wuhan	乾子
	Chengdu	豆腐乾兒, 豆腐乾
	Guiyang	豆腐乾
	Kunming	豆腐乾兒
	Liuzhou	豆腐乾
	Xuzhou	豆乾兒
	Yangzhou	乾子
	Nanjing	乾子
	Singapore	豆乾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	豆腐膶, 豆膶, 豆乾
	Hong Kong	豆腐膶, 豆膶
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	豆腐乾
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	豆腐乾
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	豆腐乾
	Dongguan	豆腐膶, 豆乾
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	豆乾
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	豆腐乾
Gan	Lichuan	乾豆腐
Gan	Pingxiang	香乾子
Hakka	Meixian	乾豆乾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豆腐乾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豆腐乾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豆腐乾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豆腐乾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豆腐乾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豆腐乾
	Hong Kong	豆腐乾
	Senai (Huiyang)	豆腐乾
Huizhou	Jixi	豆腐乾
Jin	Taiyuan	豆腐乾兒
	Xinzhou	腐乾子
	Hohhot	豆腐乾兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	豆脯仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豆乾, 豆乾脯
	Changle	香乾
	Fuqing	香乾
	Matsu	豆乾
Southern Min	Xiamen	豆乾
	Quanzhou	豆乾
	Yongchun	豆乾
	Zhangzhou	豆乾
	Dongshan	豆乾
	Taipei	豆乾
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	豆乾
	Kaohsiung	豆乾
	Yilan	豆乾
	Kinmen	豆乾
	Penghu (Magong)	豆乾
	Penang (Hokkien)	豆乾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	豆乾
	Manila (Hokkien)	豆乾
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	豆乾
	Shantou	豆腐乾, 香腐
	Shantou (Chenghai)	香腐
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	香腐
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	香腐
	Jieyang	豆乾, 香腐
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	豆乾
	Singapore (Teochew)	豆乾
	Wenchang	豆腐乾
	Haikou	豆乾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	豆腐乾
Wu	Shanghai	豆腐乾
	Shanghai (Chongming)	豆腐乾
	Suzhou	豆腐乾
	Wuxi	豆腐乾
	Danyang	豆腐乾
	Hangzhou	豆腐乾
	Ningbo	豆腐乾
	Wenzhou	豆腐乾
	Jinhua	豆腐乾
Xiang	Changsha	乾子, 香乾子
Xiang	Loudi	乾子豆腐

Dialectal synonyms of 豆腐 (“tofu; bean curd”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豆腐
Mandarin	Beijing	豆腐
	Taiwan	豆腐
	Yantai (Muping)	豆腐
	Jinan	豆腐
	Luoyang	豆腐
	Wanrong	豆腐
	Xi'an	豆腐
	Yinchuan	豆腐
	Xining	豆腐
	Ürümqi	豆腐
	Wuhan	豆腐
	Chengdu	豆腐
	Guiyang	豆腐
	Liuzhou	豆腐
	Xuzhou	豆腐
	Yangzhou	豆腐
	Nanjing	豆腐
	Hefei	豆腐
	Singapore	豆腐
Cantonese	Guangzhou	豆腐
	Hong Kong	豆腐
	Dongguan	豆腐
	Yangjiang	豆腐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	豆腐
Gan	Nanchang	豆乾
	Lichuan	豆腐
	Pingxiang	豆腐
Hakka	Meixian	豆腐, 豆乾
	Yudu	豆腐
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豆腐
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豆腐
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豆腐
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豆腐
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豆腐
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豆腐
Huizhou	Jixi	豆腐
Jin	Taiyuan	豆腐
Jin	Xinzhou	豆腐
Northern Min	Jian'ou	豆腐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豆腐
Southern Min	Xiamen	豆腐
	Taipei	豆腐
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	豆腐
	Kaohsiung	豆腐
	Yilan	豆腐
	Changhua (Lukang)	豆腐
	Taichung	豆腐
	Tainan	豆腐
	Hsinchu	豆腐
	Kinmen	豆腐
	Penghu (Magong)	豆腐
	Penang (Hokkien)	豆腐
	Singapore (Hokkien)	豆腐
	Manila (Hokkien)	豆腐
	Chaozhou	豆腐
	Shantou	豆乾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	豆乾
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	豆腐
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	豆乾
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	豆乾
	Singapore (Teochew)	豆腐
	Leizhou	豆腐, 豆腐白
	Haikou	豆腐
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	豆腐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	豆腐
Wu	Shanghai	豆腐
	Shanghai (Chongming)	豆腐
	Suzhou	豆腐
	Danyang	豆腐
	Hangzhou	豆腐
	Ningbo	豆腐
	Wenzhou	豆腐
	Jinhua	豆腐
Xiang	Changsha	豆腐, 水片子, 和尚肉 humorous
	Loudi	豆腐
	Shuangfeng	豆腐

Derived terms

糋豆乾／糋豆干
豆乾糋／豆干糋

Descendants

→ English: tau kwa, dougan
→ Malay: taukua
→ Tagalog: tokwa

References

Duffus, William (1883) “curd”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 61
“Entry #3456”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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