ꜣpd

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʔaːpətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːpətʼ/

Noun

 m

  1. a bird in general
    • Tomb of Senbi, Rock Tombs at Meir:[1]

      ꜥmꜥꜣ r ꜣpdw
      Throwing at the birds.
  2. small waterfowl, perhaps particularly a duck

Usage notes
Note that the bird hieroglyph is G38
, not the nearly identical G39
.

As a word for birds in general, ꜣpd is found contrasted against words for fish, beetles, etc. In Late Egyptian the word is commonly used in similes for helplessness, wherein people are likened to captured or bound birds.[2]

Inflection
Declension of ꜣpd (masculine)
singular ꜣpd
dual ꜣpdwj
plural ꜣpdw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  

ꜣpd ꜣpd jpd
abbreviation abbreviation in the
offering formula		 sporadic

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: jpt
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲧ (ōbet)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt), ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)
    • → Ancient Greek: -ωβτ (-ōbt)[3]

See also

Proper noun

 m

  1. (astronomy) a constellation, literally ‘the Bird’, corresponding to modern Triangulum and Perseus

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  
ꜣpd
[20th Dynasty]
from Thebes, Bab el Meluk, Tomb IX,
ceiling inscriptions, southern section[4]

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to come hastening, to rush onward (+ r: to, towards) [18th Dynasty; with preposition, Greco-Roman Period]
  2. (intransitive, of the heart) to beat more quickly out of love [Late Period]

Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣpd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣpd, geminated stem: ꜣpdd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜣpd
 ꜣpdw, ꜣpd
 ꜣpdt
 ꜣpd
 ꜣpd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜣpd
 ḥr ꜣpd
 m ꜣpd
 r ꜣpd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ꜣpd.n
 consecutive ꜣpd.jn
terminative ꜣpdt
perfective3 ꜣpd
 obligative1 ꜣpd.ḫr
imperfective ꜣpd
prospective3 ꜣpd
 potentialis1 ꜣpd.kꜣ
subjunctive ꜣpd
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ꜣpd.n
 — —
perfective ꜣpd
 ꜣpd
 ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5, ꜣpdy5
imperfective ꜣpd, ꜣpdy, ꜣpdw5
 ꜣpd, ꜣpdj6, ꜣpdy6
 ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5
prospective ꜣpd, ꜣpdtj7
 ꜣpdtj4, ꜣpdt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  

ꜣpd ꜣpt
[Late Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive, hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Late Period]
    1. to copulate with
    2. to hasten to, to rush to
    • 305 BCE, The Songs of Isis and Nephthys (pBremner-Rhind, British Museum EA10188,2), 5.22–5.27:[5][6]



      		…



















      m ḥrw r pr.k wsjr […] pꜣ kꜣ-wr nbt-nḏmnḏm ꜣpd.k snj.k ꜣst ḫrs.k stwtj jrj [ḥꜥw.s] ḥpt.s tw nn ḥr.k r.s
      Don’t go far from your house, Osiris. […] O Great Bull, Lord of Sexual Pleasure! Hurry to?/Copulate with? your sister Isis, drive out the pain-substance attached to [her body]: she will embrace you, you won’t draw away from her.

Usage notes

Perhaps identical with the above intransitive verb ‘to rush onward’, with an omission of the following preposition r.

Noun

 m

  1. Alternative form of jpdw (“furniture”)

References
  1. A. M. Blackman, The Rock Tombs of Meir, Vol. 1, pl. 2
  2. Grapow, Hermann (1924) Die bildlichen Ausdrücke des Aegyptischen: vom Denken und Dichten einer altorientalischen Sprache, page 91
  3. Blasco Torres, Ana Isabel (2017) Representing Foreign Sounds: Greek Transcriptions of Egyptian Anthroponyms from 800 BC to 800 AD, Leuven, Salamanca, page 665
  4. Lepsius, Karl Richard (1849–1859) Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Tafelwerke, Abtheilung III, Band VII, plate 227
  5. Faulkner, Raymond O. (1933) The Papyrus Bremner-Rhind (British Museum No. 10188), page 10
  6. Faulkner, Raymond O. (1936) “The Bremner-Rhind Papyrus-I” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, volume 22, pages 125, 136
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