Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kivi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kiwe.

Noun

*kivi

stone, rock

Inflection

Inflection of *kivi

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*kivi	*kivet
accusative	*kiven	*kivet
genitive	*kiven	kiveden kividen
partitive	*kivedä	*kividä
inessive	kivessä kivehnä	kivissä kivihnä
elative	*kivestä	*kivistä
illative	*kivehen	*kivihen
adessive	*kivellä	*kivillä
ablative	*kiveltä	*kiviltä
allative	kivelen kivelek	kivilen kivilek
essive	*kivenä	*kivinä
translative	*kiveksi	*kiviksi
instructive	*kiven	*kivin
comitative	*kivenek	*kivinek
abessive	*kivettä	*kivittä

Derived terms

*kiukasa

Descendants

Estonian: kivi
Finnish: kivi, (Southeastern Tavastian) kiu
Ingrian: kivi
Karelian: kivi
Livonian: ki'v
Livvi: kivi
Ludian: kivi
Veps: kivi
Võro: kivi
Votic: tšivi

References

“kivi”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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