< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toivodak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Related to Proto-Samic *toajvōtēk. Koivulehto has proposed that the word is an Indo-Iranian borrowing (and akin to Sanskrit दैव (daiva, “divine”)).

Verb

*toivodak (stem *toivo-)

  1. to hope
  2. to wish

Inflection
Inflection of *toivodak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *toivon *toivoin — *toivogon
2nd sing. *toivot *toivoit *toivok *toivogos
3rd sing. *toivobi
*toivo		 *toivoi *toivogasën *toivogosën
1st plur. *toivokmëk
*toivokmak		 *toivoimëk
*toivoimak		 *toivogatëmëk
*toivogatamak		 *toivogotëmëk
*toivogotamak
2nd plur. *toivoktëk
*toivoktak		 *toivoidëk
*toivoidak		 *toivogatë
*toivogata		 *toivogot'ëk
*toivogotadak
3rd plur. *toivobat
*toivo		 *toivoi *toivogasën *toivogosën
passive *toivoksën
*toivot'aksën		 *toivodisën
*toivottisën		 *toivodakahën
*toivottakahën		 *toivodakohën
*toivottakohën
connegative *toivok — *toivogak *toivogok
passive connegative *toivoktak — *toivodagak
*toivottagak		 *toivodagok
*toivottagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *toivokcin *toivoicin *toivonën
2nd sing. *toivokcit *toivoicit *toivonët
3rd sing. *toivokci *toivoici *toivoni
1st plur. *toivokcimëk
*toivokcimak		 *toivoicimëk
*toivoicimak		 *toivonëmëk
*toivonëmak
2nd plur. *toivokcidëk
*toivokcidak		 *toivoicidëk
*toivoicidak		 *toivonëdëk
*toivonëdak
3rd plur. *toivokci *toivoici *toivoni
passive *toivodakcihën
*toivot'akcihën		 *toivodicihën
*toivotticihën		 *toivodanëhën
*toivottanëhën
connegative *toivokcik *toivoicik *toivonëk
passive connegative *toivodakcik
*toivot'akcik		 *toivodicik
*toivotticik		 *toivodanëk
*toivottanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *toivodak present *toivoba *toivodapa
*toivottapa
infinitive 2 *toivodë- past *toivonut *toivodu
*toivottu
gerund/supine *toivoma
action noun *toivominen

Descendants
  • Finnish: toivoa
  • Ingrian: toivoa (< *toivoidak)
  • Karelian: toivuo
  • Veps: toivoda
  • Votic: (Mati) tõivoa
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