< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/karu

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronunciation
  • Accent class: HH-

Adjective

*karu

  1. light, lightweight
    Antonym: *onpo

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 軽 (karu)
    • Japanese: 軽い (karui, Classical form karusi: Heian HHF, Tokyo 2 [LHL(L)], Kyoto 1:3 [LHL(L)][1] / Modern karui: Tokyo 0 [LHH(H)] = A, Kyoto 2 [HLL(L)] = A, Kagoshima A [HLL(L)][2])
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *karu (tone class A)
    • Northern Ryukyuan: *karu, *garu
      • Kunigami: 軽せん (gassen /⁠gáꞯsèɴ⁠/)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 軽さり (garusari)
      • Okinawan: 軽さん (kassan, gassan /⁠káꞯsâɴ, gáꞯsâɴ⁠/)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsâɴ⁠/)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 軽さむっ (xarsam /⁠kʰàɾsàm̩⁠/)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 軽はい (garohai /⁠gàɾòháɪ̀⁠/)
      • Yoron: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsàɴ⁠/)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 軽ーㇲ゙ (kāz)
      • Yaeyama: 軽さーん (karasān /⁠káɾásàːɴ⁠/)
      • Yonaguni: 軽ん (karan /⁠kàɾáɴ⁠/)

References
  1. “かる・い 【軽】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) ‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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