< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zvizdati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”). Compare Latin sibilus (“hissing, whistling”), Hindi सीटी (sīṭī, “whistle”), Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”).

Verb

*zvizdati impf (perfective *zviznǫti)[1][2]

  1. to whistle

Conjugation
Conjugation of *zvizdati, *zvizda, *zvizdajetь (impf., intr., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*zvizdanьje *zvizdati *zvizdatъ *zvizdalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive — —
Active *zvizdavъ *zvizdaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *zvizdaxъ*zvizda*zvizda *zvizdajǫ*zvizdaješi*zvizdajetь
Dual *zvizdaxově*zvizdasta*zvizdaste *zvizdajevě*zvizdajeta*zvizdajete
Plural *zvizdaxomъ*zvizdaste*zvizdašę *zvizdajemъ*zvizdajete*zvizdajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *zvizdaaxъ*zvizdaaše*zvizdaaše —*zvizdaji*zvizdaji
Dual *zvizdaaxově*zvizdaašeta*zvizdaašete *zvizdajivě*zvizdajita—
Plural *zvizdaaxomъ*zvizdaašete*zvizdaaxǫ *zvizdajimъ*zvizdajite—

Derived terms
nouns

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: звиздати (zvizdati)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: звиздати (zvizdati)
    • Bulgarian: зви́здя (zvízdja) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: ѕвизди (dzvizdi) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
      Cyrillic script: звѝздати
      Latin script: zvìzdati
    • Slovene: zvízdati (tonal orthography)

From dialectal variant *zvizg-ěti > *zvižďžati:

  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: звѝждати
      Latin script: zvìždati
      • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: zvižjot, žvižjot
    • Slovene: žvížgati (tonal orthography)

References
  1. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gvizdati”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 315
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “žvížgati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *zvizdě̋ti, [...] *zvizda̋ti”

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvizdati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 183
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “gwizdać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 190
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “звиздя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 622
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