gmgm

Egyptian

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼamkʼam/ → /ˈkʼamkʼam/ → /ˈkʼamkʼəm/ → /ˈkʼamkʼəm/

4-lit.

(intransitive or transitive) to smash, to break
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60:
  
  ḫtw ḥr gmgm tꜣ ḥr mnmn
  Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.

Conjugation of gmgm (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: gmgm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
gmgm	gmgmw, gmgm	gmgmt	gmgm	gmgm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
gmgm	ḥr gmgm	m gmgm	r gmgm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	gmgm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	gmgm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	gmgm	gmgm, gmgmw⁵, gmgmy⁵
imperfective	gmgm, gmgmy, gmgmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	gmgm, gmgmj⁶, gmgmy⁶	gmgm, gmgmw⁵
prospective	gmgm, gmgmtj⁷	—	gmgmwtj^{1 4}, gmgmtj⁴, gmgmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gmgm

gmgm

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 290, 295.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.