jmj

See also: JMJ

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /jaˈmij/ → /jaˈmij/ → /ʔəˈmeʔ/ → /ʔəˈmeʔ/

Etymology 1

m (“in”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”).

Adjective

  1. inherent (in), being (in)
  2. (after an adjective, forming the superlative) -est of, -est among
Inflection
Declension of jmj (nisba adjective)
masculine feminine
singular jmj
 jmt
dual jmjwj, jmwj
 jmtj
plural jmjw, jmw
 jmwt1, jmt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmj  
jm jm jm jm jm
Derived terms

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjiːmit/ → /ˈjiːmiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːma/ → /ˈʔiːmə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to not be
  2. (catenative, with a verb in the negatival complement) to not do
Inflection
Conjugation of jmj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jm, geminated stem: jmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jmt, jmj
 jmw, jm
 jmt, jmwt, jmyt
 jm
 jm, jmy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jm8, jmm8
 ḥr jmt, ḥr jmj
 m jmt, m jmj
 r jmt, r jmj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jm.n
 jmw, jm, jmy
 consecutive jm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jmt, jmyt
perfective3 jm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jm, jmy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jmw, jm, jmy
 jmw, jm, jmy
 potentialis1 jm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jm, jmy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jmw1, jmy, jm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jm
 jmy, jm
imperfective jmm, jmmy, jmmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jmm, jmmj6, jmmy6
 jmm, jmmw5
prospective jmw1, jmy, jm, jmtj7
 — jmwtj1 4, jmtj4, jmt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
In Middle Egyptian this is a defective verb, used only in the subjunctive and imperative. The imperative in this case becomes usually written as simply
or
m.
Derived terms

Verb

  1. imperative of rḏj (“to give, to cause”)
  2. (Late Egyptian, with following verb in the subjunctive-prospective) forms the causative imperative
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmj  


jmm jmmtw jmm jmm
[Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian] [since the New Kingdom] [since the New Kingdom]
The writing with two
s is conventionally transliterated jmm but in fact likely represents only a single m; one of the signs was originally a phonetic complement to biliteral
standing for jm, but
later took on a uniliteral value m and so became considered interchangeable with
, resulting in the new writing with two
s.
Descendants
  • Coptic: ⲙ- (m-)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 160, 190–191, 260, 415.
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 78–79
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