kꜣp

Egyptian

(verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkaːʀap/ → /ˈkaːʀap/ → /ˈkaːʔəp/ → /ˈkoːʔəp/

m

shelter
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:
  
  jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt
  I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.

Declension of kꜣp (masculine)

3-lit.

Conjugation of kꜣp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: kꜣp, geminated stem: kꜣpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
kꜣp	kꜣpw, kꜣp	kꜣpt	kꜣp	kꜣp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
kꜣp	ḥr kꜣp	m kꜣp	r kꜣp

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	kꜣp.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	kꜣp	active + .tj¹, .tw²	kꜣp	kꜣp, kꜣpw⁵, kꜣpy⁵
imperfective	kꜣp, kꜣpy, kꜣpw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	kꜣp, kꜣpj⁶, kꜣpy⁶	kꜣp, kꜣpw⁵
prospective	kꜣp, kꜣptj⁷	—	kꜣptj⁴, kꜣpt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

3-lit.

(transitive) to cense, to fumigate [since the Pyramid Texts]
- c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 1, line 3–4:
  
  jr.ḫr.k r.s kꜣp sj ḥr snṯr ḥr mrḥt mꜣt kꜣp kꜣt.s ḥr.s
  You should treat it by fumigating her with incense and fresh oil, fumigating her vulva with it.

Conjugation of kꜣp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: kꜣp, geminated stem: kꜣpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
kꜣp	kꜣpw, kꜣp	kꜣpt	kꜣp	kꜣp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
kꜣp	ḥr kꜣp	m kꜣp	r kꜣp

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	kꜣp.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	kꜣp	active + .tj¹, .tw²	kꜣp	kꜣp, kꜣpw⁵, kꜣpy⁵
imperfective	kꜣp, kꜣpy, kꜣpw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	kꜣp, kꜣpj⁶, kꜣpy⁶	kꜣp, kꜣpw⁵
prospective	kꜣp, kꜣptj⁷	—	kꜣptj⁴, kꜣpt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219.
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 103.9–103.15, 104.4–104.5, 104.8–104.12, 104.14–104.17

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