perthyn

Welsh

Alternative forms
  • perthynu

Etymology

From Middle Welsh perthyn, from Proto-Brythonic *perθɨnɨd, from Latin pertineō (“I relate to; I belong to”).

Pronunciation

Verb

perthyn (first-person singular present perthynaf)

  1. to belong
    Mae'r crys hwn yn perthyn i mi.
    This shirt belongs to me.
  2. to be related
    Mae'r ferch yn perthyn i mi – fy chwaer yw hi.
    The girl is related to me – she's my sister.

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future perthynaf perthyni perthyn, perthyna perthynwn perthynwch perthynant perthynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 perthynwn perthynit perthynai perthynem perthynech perthynent perthynid
preterite perthynais perthynaist perthynodd perthynasom perthynasoch perthynasant perthynwyd
pluperfect perthynaswn perthynasit perthynasai perthynasem perthynasech perthynasent perthynasid, perthynesid
present subjunctive perthynwyf perthynych perthyno perthynom perthynoch perthynont perthyner
imperative — perthyn, perthyna perthyned perthynwn perthynwch perthynent perthyner
verbal noun perthyn
verbal adjectives perthynedig
perthynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future perthyna i, perthynaf i perthyni di perthynith o/e/hi, perthyniff e/hi perthynwn ni perthynwch chi perthynan nhw
conditional perthynwn i, perthynswn i perthynet ti, perthynset ti perthynai fo/fe/hi, perthynsai fo/fe/hi perthynen ni, perthynsen ni perthynech chi, perthynsech chi perthynen nhw, perthynsen nhw
preterite perthynais i, perthynes i perthynaist ti, perthynest ti perthynodd o/e/hi perthynon ni perthynoch chi perthynon nhw
imperative — perthyna — — perthynwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
perthyn berthyn mherthyn pherthyn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “perthynaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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