téit
Middle Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʲeːdʲ/
Verb
téit (conjunct ·tét, verbal noun techt or dul)
- to go, come
- c. 1000, Anonymous, published in (1935) Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó (in Middle Irish), Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 11, 13, page 1: “In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed. ― Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate.”
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| téit | théit | téit pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “téit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tʲeːdʲ]
Etymology 1
The present stem is from Proto-Celtic *tēgeti, from Proto-Indo-European *stéygʰeti. The origin of the anomalous third-person singular téit is unclear, and multiple explanations exist. Most likely it comes from Proto-Indo-European *tént, the root aorist of *ten- (“to stretch”) (compare Sanskrit अतन् (atan), aorist of Sanskrit तनोति (tanoti)). The regular form would be *téigid.[1][2]
The preterite active stem is from Proto-Celtic *ludet, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰét (“to arrive”) (compare Sanskrit अरुधत् (arudhát), Ancient Greek ἦλθον (êlthon), ἤλυθον (ḗluthon), Tocharian A läc. The preterite passive stem is from Proto-Celtic *itos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁itós, from *h₁ey- (“to go”).
The future stem is from Proto-Celtic *rigāti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥gʰ-, zero grade of *h₁ergʰ- (“to go, move”) (compare Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai)). The second-person imperatives may be from the full grade of the same root, or they may be from *exs- (“out”) + *regeti (“to stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.
The perfective stem is from dí- + com- + feidid (“to lead”), from Proto-Celtic *wedeti, from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ-.
Verb
téit (conjunct ·tét, verbal noun techt or dul)
- to go
For quotations using this term, see Citations:téit.
Inflection
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | tíagu | tégi, téigi | téit | tíagmi, tíagmai | tíagait | tíagair | tíagtair | |
| Conj. | ·tíag | ·téig | ·tét | ·tíagam | ·téigid, ·téit | ·tíagat | ·tíagar | ·tíagtar | |
| Rel. | téte, téite | tíagme, tíagmae | tíagtae | tíagar | |||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·téginn | ·téged, ·téiged | ·téigmis | ·téigtis | ·téigthe | ||||
| Preterite | Abs. | lod | lod | luid | lodmar | lodatar, lotar, lotair | ethae | ||
| Conj. | ·lod, ·lud | ·lod | ·luid | ·lodmar | ·lotar | ·eth | |||
| Rel. | luide | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | rega | regae | regaid | regmai, rigmi | regthae | regait | regthair, rigthir | |
| Conj. | ·reg, ·rig | ·regae | ·rega, ·riga | ·regam | ·regaid | ·regat | ·regthar | ||
| Rel. | regas, rigas | ragmae | regtae | regthar | |||||
| Conditional | ·regainn | ·regtha | ·regad, ·rigad | ·regmais | ·regthae | ·regtais | |||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | tíasu | tési, téisi | tés, téis | tíasmai | tíastae | tíasait | tíasair | |
| Conj. | ·tías | ·tés, ·téis | ·té, ·téi | ·tíasam | ·tésid, ·téisid | ·tíasat | ·tíasar, ·tíastar | ||
| Rel. | tías | tíasmae | tíastae | tíasar, tíastar | |||||
| Past subjunctive | ·téisinn | ·tíasta | ·téised | ·tíasmais | ·tíastae | ·tíastais | tíastae | ·tíastais | |
| Imperative | tíach, tíag | airg, eirg | tét | tíagam | eircid, ergid, eirgid | tíagat | tíagar | ||
| Verbal noun | techt, dul | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Perfective forms based on do·cuat
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | do·cuat | |||||||
| Prot. | ·digthim | ·dichet | ·digthid | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·digthed | ||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·coad, do·cood | do·coïd | do·commar | do·cotar | do·coas | |||
| Prot. | ·dechud | ·dechod, ·dechud | ·dechuid | ·dechummar | ·dechutar | ·dechas | |||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·cois | do·coí | do·coísat | |||||
| Prot. | ·dechus, ·dichius | ·dechais, ·dichis | ·dich, ·decha | ·dechsam | ·dechsaid, ·dichsid | ·dechsat, ·dichset | |||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | do·coísed | do·coístis | ||||||
| Prot. | ·dechsainn | ·dechsad, ·dichsed | ·dechsaitis, ·dichsitis | ||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
References
- Bergin, Osborn (1938) “Varia I – 21. Old Irish téit”, in Ériu, volume 12, pages 215–35
- Watkins, Calvert (1969) Indo-European Origins of the Celtic Verb: I. The Sigmatic Aorist, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 161
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “téit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.