wꜣḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-.[1] If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀatʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀitʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

Noun

 m

  1. papyrus stem (with an umbel)
  2. symbol of Lower Egypt

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  


wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

  1. (usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Noun

 m

  1. a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) green
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) fresh
  3. (intransitive) to thrive, to flourish

Inflection
Conjugation of wꜣḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜣḏ, geminated stem: wꜣḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏw, wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏt
 wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wꜣḏ
 ḥr wꜣḏ
 m wꜣḏ
 r wꜣḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 consecutive wꜣḏ.jn
terminative wꜣḏt
perfective3 wꜣḏ
 obligative1 wꜣḏ.ḫr
imperfective wꜣḏ
prospective3 wꜣḏ
 potentialis1 wꜣḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive wꜣḏ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 — —
perfective wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5, wꜣḏy5
imperfective wꜣḏ, wꜣḏy, wꜣḏw5
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏj6, wꜣḏy6
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5
prospective wꜣḏ, wꜣḏtj7
 wꜣḏtj4, wꜣḏt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣd

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

Adjective

  1. perfective active participle of wꜣḏ: green, fresh, thriving, vigorous

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏt
dual wꜣḏwj
 wꜣḏtj
plural wꜣḏw
 wꜣḏwt1, wꜣḏt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

See under the verb above.

Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

See also
Colors in Egyptian ·


(jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors             
(ḥḏ)		             
(km)		                 

(dšr)		                 

(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors         


(qnjt)		             
(ḫsbḏ)		         


(jrtjw)

Noun

 m

  1. malachite

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

  1. the happy or fortunate

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

  1. offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

  1. green plants in general

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

  1. grain

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wꜣḏ

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31–32
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