жемчуг

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic жьмьчюгъ (žĭmĭčjugŭ) (birchbark letter No. 809, 12th c.), from more common жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ) (since 1161), from Bulgar *ǯinǯü (whence also Chuvash ӗнчӗ (ĕnč̬ĕ) and Hungarian gyöngy) with auslaut akin to *ǯinǯüɣä (dat. sg.), from Proto-Common Turkic *yinǯü (whence also Old Turkic 𐰖𐰅𐰨𐰇 (yénčü), Kazakh інжу (ınju), Turkish inci etc.), from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (trin tsyu), 真珠 (tsyin tsyu, “true pearls”), whence also Mandarin 珍珠 (zhēnzhū).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈʐɛmt͡ɕʊk]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

же́мчуг • (žémčug) m inan (genitive же́мчуга, nominative plural жемчуга́, genitive plural жемчуго́в, relational adjective жемчу́жный)

  1. pearl

Declension

Declension of же́мчуг (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-c irreg) 
singular plural
nominative же́мчуг
žémčug 		жемчуга́△
žemčugá△
genitive же́мчуга
žémčuga 		жемчуго́в
žemčugóv
dative же́мчугу
žémčugu 		жемчуга́м
žemčugám
accusative же́мчуг
žémčug 		жемчуга́△
žemčugá△
instrumental же́мчугом
žémčugom 		жемчуга́ми
žemčugámi
prepositional же́мчуге
žémčuge 		жемчуга́х
žemčugáx

△ Irregular.

Derived terms

  • жемчу́жина f (žemčúžina, noun)
  • жемчу́жница f anim (žemčúžnica, noun)

Descendants

  • → Erzya: жемчуг (žemčug)
  • → Moksha: шимщуга (šimščuga)
  • → Finnish: simpukka
  • → Karelian: simčukka, šimčukka, simpčukka, zimčukka
  • → Yakut: чөмчүүк (cömcüük)

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жемчуг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

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