рꙑꙁь
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
First attested in c. 1140‒1160. From early *рꙑгь (*rygĭ) with Old Pskovian reflex *ď > early *g > late z, inherited from Proto-Slavic *ryďь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀdjas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ruHdʰ-yo-s, ultimately from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). A typical Old Novgorodian would be expected as *рꙑжь (*ryžĭ). Cognate with Old East Slavic рꙑжь (ryžĭ), Old Church Slavonic рꙑждь (ryždĭ).
Adjective
рꙑꙁь • (ryźĭ)
- (Old Pskovian) red, reddish-brown (horse color)
- c. 1140‒1160, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 160 [Birchbark letter no. 160][1], Novgorod:
- … продаите половъи конь а риꙁьи къринитевъ [х]лѣвъ а бѫ{ръ}ръи напишите …
- … prodaite polovŷi konĭ a rizĭi kŭrinitevŭ [x]lěvŭ a bǫ{rŭ}rŷi napišite …
- Sell the light yellow stallion; and the chestnut [color one] buy into the stable; and the brown write down (apparently, into some sort of a list).
Declension
Short declension of рꙑꙁь (soft o/a stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |
| nominative | рꙑꙁь ryzĭ |
рꙑꙁѥ ryzje |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁѣ ryzě | |
| genitive | рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁѣ ryzě |
рꙑꙁю ryzju |
рꙑꙁь ryzĭ | |||||
| dative | рꙑꙁю ryzju |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁѥма ryzjema |
рꙑꙁꙗма ryzjama |
рꙑꙁѥмъ ryzjemŭ |
рꙑꙁꙗмъ ryzjamŭ | |||
| accusative | рꙑꙁь ryzĭ |
рꙑꙁѥ ryzje |
рꙑꙁѭ ryzjǫ |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁѣ ryzě |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁѣ ryzě | |
| instrumental | рꙑꙁѥмь ryzjemĭ |
рꙑꙁѥѭ ryzjejǫ |
рꙑꙁѥма ryzjema |
рꙑꙁꙗма ryzjama |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁꙗми ryzjami | |||
| locative | рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁю ryzju |
рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ |
рꙑꙁꙗхъ ryzjaxŭ | ||||
| vocative | рꙑꙁь ryzĭ |
рꙑꙁѥ ryzje |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁи ryzi |
рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja |
рꙑꙁѣ ryzě | |
Long declension of рꙑꙁь (soft o/a stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |
| nominative | рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi |
рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě | |
| genitive | рꙑꙁѥго ryzjego |
рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě |
рꙑꙁюю ryzjuju |
рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ | |||||
| dative | рꙑꙁѥмоу ryzjemu |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁима ryzima |
рꙑꙁима ryzima |
рꙑꙁимъ ryzimŭ |
рꙑꙁимъ ryzimŭ | |||
| accusative | рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi |
рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje |
рꙑꙁѭѭ ryzjǫjǫ |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě | |
| instrumental | рꙑꙁимь ryzimĭ |
рꙑꙁѥѭ ryzjejǫ |
рꙑꙁима ryzima |
рꙑꙁима ryzima |
рꙑꙁими ryzimi |
рꙑꙁими ryzimi | |||
| locative | рꙑꙁѥмь ryzjemĭ |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁюю ryzjuju |
рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ |
рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ | ||||
| vocative | рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi |
рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁии ryzii |
рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja |
рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě | |
Related terms
Old Novgorodian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ- (0 c, 1 e)
Further reading
- Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect][2] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 793
- “рꙑꙁь”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2025