тодыны

Udmurt

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *tɔ̇dni, from Proto-Uralic *tumte-. Cognates include Finnish tuntea and Hungarian tud.

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian тӧдны (tödny) and Komi-Yazva тӧднө (tödnå).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [todɯ̈ˈnɯ̈]
  • Rhymes: -ɯ̈
  • Hyphenation: то‧ды‧ны

Verb

тодыны • (todyny)

  1. to know
    нокин но уг тоды
    nokin no ug tody
    nobody knows
  2. to get to know, to learn

Conjugation

Non-finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)
affirmative caritive
infinitive тодыны (todyny)
gerund past participle instrumental1 тодэмен (todemen) тодэмтэен (todemtejen)
elative тодэмысь (todemyś) тодэмтэысь (todemteyś)
basic тодса (todsa) тодтэк (todtek)
temporal тодку (todku)
fourth тодтозь (todtoź)
participles present тодӥсь (todiś) тодӥсьтэм (todiśtem)
past тодэм (todem) тодэмтэ (todemte)
future тодоно (todono) тодонтэм (todontem)
deverbal тодон (todon)

1 Instrumental past participle gerund are preferred in literary Udmurt.

Finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
positive present тодӥсько (todiśko) тодӥськод (todiśkod) тодэ (tode) тодӥськомы (todiśkomy) тодӥськоды (todiśkody) тодо (todo)
future тодо (todo) тодод (todod) тодоз (todoz) тодомы (todomy) тододы (todody) тодозы (todozy)
past preterite I тодэ (tode) тодэд (toded) тодэз (todez) тодэм, тодэмы (todem, todemy) тодэды (todedy) тодэзы (todezy)
preterite II тодӥськем (todiśkem) тодэмэд (todemed) тодэм (todem) тодӥськеммы (todiśkemmy) тодӥллямды (todilľamdy) тодӥллям, тодӥллямзы (todilľam, todilľamzy)
conditional тодсал (todsal) тодсалыд (todsalyd) тодсал, тодсалыз (todsal, todsalyz) тодсалмы (todsalmy) тодсалды (todsaldy) тодсалзы (todsalzy)
imperative тод (tod) тодэ, тодэлэ (tode, todele)
auxiliary pluperfect I preterite I of тодыны + вал
pluperfect II third person singular preterite II of тодыны + possessive suffixes + вал, or preterite II of тодыны + вылэм
durative preterite present of тодыны + вал/вылэм
frequentative preterite future of тодыны + вал/вылэм
negative present уг тодӥськы уд тодӥськы уг тоды ум тодӥськэ уд тодӥськэ уг тодо
future уг тод, тоды уд тод, тоды уз тод, тоды ум тодэ уд тодэ уз тодэ
past preterite I ӧй тоды ӧд тоды ӧз тоды ӧм тодэ ӧд тодэ ӧз тодэ
preterite II тодӥськымтэе (todiśkymteje) тодымтэед (todymtejed) тодымтэ (todymte) тодӥськымтэмы (todiśkymtemy) тодӥллямтэды (todilľamtedy) тодэллямтэ (todelľamte)
ӧвӧл тодэ (tode) ӧвӧл тодэд (toded) ӧвӧл тодэз (todez) ӧвӧл тодэм, тодэмы (todem, todemy) ӧвӧл тодэды (todedy) ӧвӧл тодэзы (todezy)
conditional ӧй + positive conditional of тодыны
imperative эн + positive imperative of тодыны
auxiliary pluperfect I negative preterite I of тодыны + вал
pluperfect II third person positive singular preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- + possessive suffixes + вал, or positive preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- + вылэм
durative preterite уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive durative preterite of тодыны
frequentative preterite уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive frequentative preterite of тодыны

Derived terms

nouns

References

  • L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “тодыны”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 645
  • T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 72
  • Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 264