тхьэмадэ
Kabardian
Etymology
From Common Circassian *tħamada. Cognate with Adyghe тхьаматэ (tḥamatɛ). Possibly from Persian داماد (dâmâd, “bridegroom; son-in-law; father-in-law; sovereign's brother-in-law; wooer, lover”), the ending reshaped under the influence of Kabardian адэ (adɛ, “father”). Sometimes explained as тхьэ (tḥɛ, “god”) + адэ (adɛ, “father”), but that is a folk etymology.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tħamaːda]
Noun
тхьэмадэ • (tḥɛmadɛ)
- foreman (of a village)
- boss
- master (superior person in status or rank)
- chairman
- father-in-law
- (dialectal) wooer, bridegroom
- (dated, possibly archaic) religious leader
- (possibly dated) husband
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | тхьэмадэ (tḥɛmadɛ) | тхьэмадэхэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛ) |
| nominative | тхьэмадэр (tḥɛmadɛr) | тхьэмадэхэр (tḥɛmadɛxɛr) |
| ergative | тхьэмадэм (tḥɛmadɛm) | тхьэмадэхэмэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛmɛ) |
| instrumental | тхьэмадэ(м)кӏэ (tḥɛmadɛ(m)kʼɛ) | тхьэмадэхэ(м)кӏэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
| invertive | тхьэмадэу (tḥɛmadɛwu) | тхьэмадэхыу (tḥɛmadɛxəwu) |
Synonyms
- тхьаматэ (tḥamatɛ) (Standard Adyghe dialect)
Descendants
(Taking Kabardian as representative of Common Circassian)
- → Abkhaz: а-ҭаҳмада (a-taḥmada), а-ҭҳамада (a-tḥamada, “old man”)
- → Abaza: тхӏамада (tḥamada)
- → Chechen: тхьамда (tḥʳamda)
- → Ingush: тхьамада (tḥʳamada)
- → Georgian: თამადა (tamada)
Further reading
- Abaev, V. I. (1975) “Contribution à l'histoire des mots”, in Mélanges linguistiques offerts à Emile Benveniste (in French), Louvain: Peeters, pages 8–10
- Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 227
- Chirikba, Viacheslav A. (1996) A Dictionary of Common Abkhaz[1], Leiden, page 32
- Карданов Б. М., editor (1957), “тхьэмадэ”, in Кабардинско-русский словарь [Kabardian–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 349b
- Шагиров, А. К. (1977) К. В. Ломтатидзе, editor, Этимологический словарь адыгских (черкесских) языков [Etymological Dictionary of Adyghean (Circassian) Languages][2] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 82–83