שומר

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־מ־ר (sh-m-r)
15 terms

Pronunciation 1

(Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/ [ʃumˈmaːʀ]
(Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/ [ʃumˈmæːr]
(Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmær/
(Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
(Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/ (West), /ʃumˈmar/ (East)
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/
(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmaʁ/

Verb

שומר / שֻׁמַּר • (shumár) (pu'al construction, active counterpart שימר / שִׁמֵּר)

to be preserved, to be conserved
to be pickled

Conjugation

Conjugation of **שומר / שֻׁמַּר** (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
finite forms		singular		plural
non-finite forms		to-infinitive		—

finite forms		m	f	m	f
past	first	שומרתי / שֻׁמַּרְתִּי		שומרנו / שֻׁמַּרְנוּ
	second	שומרת / שֻׁמַּרְתָּ	שומרת / שֻׁמַּרְתְּ	שומרתם / שֻׁמַּרְתֶּם	שומרתן / שֻׁמַּרְתֶּן
	third	שומר / שֻׁמַּר	שומרה / שֻׁמְּרָה	שומרו / שֻׁמְּרוּ
present		משומר / מְשֻׁמָּר	משומרת / מְשֻׁמֶּרֶת	משומרים / מְשֻׁמָּרִים	משומרות / מְשֻׁמָּרוֹת
future	first	אשומר / אֲשֻׁמַּר		נשומר / נְשֻׁמַּר
	second	תשומר / תְּשֻׁמַּר	תשומרי / תְּשֻׁמְּרִי	תשומרו / תְּשֻׁמְּרוּ	תשומרנה / תְּשֻׁמַּרְנָה¹
	third	ישומר / יְשֻׁמַּר	תשומר / תְּשֻׁמַּר	ישומרו / יְשֻׁמְּרוּ	תשומרנה / תְּשֻׁמַּרְנָה¹
imperative		—	—	—	—¹

¹ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Pronunciation 2

(Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmir/
(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmeːr/ [ʃoːˈmeːʀ]
(Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃøˈmer/ [ʃøːˈmeːr], [ʃeːˈmeːr]
(Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
(Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
(Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmeːr/, /ʃojˈmejr/
(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmeʁ/

Noun

שׁוֹמֵר • (shomér) m (plural indefinite שׁוֹמְרִים, singular construct שׁוֹמֵר־, plural construct שׁוֹמְרֵי־) [pattern: קוֹטֵל]

keeper, one who keeps
guard, protector, one who protects
- Tanach, Psalms 121:4:
  הִנֵּה לֹא יָנוּם וְלֹא יִישָׁן שׁוֹמֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל.
  hinnē lō yānūm v'lō yīšān šōmēr yiśrāʾēl.
  Behold, the guardian of Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps.

Derived terms

Verb

שׁוֹמֵר • (shomér)

masculine singular present of שָׁמַר

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒌑𒄩 (šimru, “fennel”). See Arabic شَمَر (šamar, “fennel”) for other cognates. Largely displaced the native Hebrew synonym גּוּפְנָן (gup̄nān, “fennel”).

Pronunciation

(Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmaːr/
(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɔːr/ [ʃumˈmɔːʀ]
(Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɔr/ [ʃumˈmɔːr]
(Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɒr/
(Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
(Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/ (West), /ʃumˈmar/ (East)
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmɔr/
(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmaʁ/

Noun

שומר / שֻׁמָּר • (shumár) m

fennel

Derived terms

שָׁמִיר (shamír, “dill”)

Etymology 3

From Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumer).

Proper noun

שׁוּמֶר • (shumér)

Sumer (a historical region occupied by the earliest known ancient civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia in modern southern Iraq)

Synonyms

(Sumer): (biblical) שִׁנְעָר (shin'ár)

Anagrams

רושם