هجوم

Arabic

Root
ه ج م (h j m)
4 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /hu.d͡ʒuːm/

Noun

هُجُوم • (hujūm) m

verbal noun of هَجَمَ (hajama) (form I)
attack

Declension

Declension of noun **هُجُوم** (hujūm)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هُجُوم hujūm	الْهُجُوم al-hujūm	هُجُوم hujūm
nominative	هُجُومٌ hujūmun	الْهُجُومُ al-hujūmu	هُجُومُ hujūmu
accusative	هُجُومًا hujūman	الْهُجُومَ al-hujūma	هُجُومَ hujūma
genitive	هُجُومٍ hujūmin	الْهُجُومِ al-hujūmi	هُجُومِ hujūmi

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: hücum
→ Bashkir: һөжүм (höjüm, “attack”)
→ Persian: هجوم (“attack”)
Urdu: ہُجُوم (hujūm)
→ Ottoman Turkish: هجوم (hücum)
> Turkish: hücum (inherited)
→ Tatar: һөҗүм (höcüm), höcüm
→ Turkmen: hüjüm
→ Uyghur: ھۇجۇم (hujum)
→ Uzbek: hujum
→ Swahili: hujuma

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic هُجُوم (hujūm).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /hu.ˈd͡ʒuːm/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.d͡ʒúːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.d͡ʒúːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.d͡ʒúm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ho.d͡ʒúːm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hu.d͡ʒúm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	hujūm
Dari reading^?	hujūm
Iranian reading^?	hojum
Tajik reading^?	hujum

Noun

هجوم • (hojum)

invasion, attack
Synonym: حمله (hamle)
- c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 226”, in دیوان امیر معزی‎^[1]:
  تو به بغدادی و در روم از هجوم لشکرت
  هست قیصر مستمند و لشکر او سوگوار
  tu ba baġdād-ī u dar rūm az hujūm-i laškar-at
  hast qaysar mustmand u laškar-i ō sōgwār
  You are in Baghdad, and in Byzantium, due to your army's attack,
  The Emperor is in distress and his army is mournful.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “هجوم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim