まみれる
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 塗れる |
Etymology
From older form まみる (mamiru).[1][2][3] First cited to a text from the mid 900s CE.[1]
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
Verb
まみれる • (mamireru) intransitive ichidan (stem まみれ (mamire), past まみれた (mamireta))
- [from mid 900s] to be smeared (with blood, sweat, etc.), to be covered in something dirty, to be daubed with something dirty
- 血に塗れる
- chi ni mamireru
- to be smeared with blood
- 血に塗れる
- [from circa 1100] to be completely defeated and broken in spirit
Conjugation
Conjugation of "まみれる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | まみれ | mamire | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | まみれ | mamire | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | まみれる | mamireru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | まみれる | mamireru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | まみれれ | mamirere | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | まみれよ¹ まみれろ² |
mamireyo¹ mamirero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | まみれられる | mamirerareru | ||
| Causative | まみれさせる まみれさす |
mamiresaseru mamiresasu | ||
| Potential | まみれられる まみれれる³ |
mamirerareru mamirereru³ | ||
| Volitional | まみれよう | mamireyō | ||
| Negative | まみれない まみれぬ まみれん |
mamirenai mamirenu mamiren | ||
| Negative continuative | まみれず | mamirezu | ||
| Formal | まみれます | mamiremasu | ||
| Perfective | まみれた | mamireta | ||
| Conjunctive | まみれて | mamirete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | まみれれば | mamirereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Idioms
- 一敗地に塗れる (ippai chi ni mamireru): “one loss, smeared in dirt” → “to be completely defeated in one go”
Related terms
- まびれる (mabireru)
- まぶれる (mabureru)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN