下さる

• (Tokyo) くださる [kùdásáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟da̠sa̠ɾɯ̟]

Paradigmatic shift of 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru) from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) to the 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”).^[1]

First attested in 歌舞伎 (kabuki) from 1693.^[1]

下(くだ)さる • (kudasaru) godan (stem 下(くだ)さり (kudasari) or 下(くだ)さい (kudasai), past 下(くだ)さった (kudasatta))

1. [from 1693] (honorific) to give

   先(せん)生(せい)は私(わたし)に本(ほん)を下(くだ)さいました。

   Sensei wa watashi ni hon o kudasaimashita.

   [My] teacher gave me a book.

2. [from 1693] (honorific) to receive (particularly food and/or drink)
3. [from 1885–1886] (honorific) to feel great
4. [from 1885–1886] (honorific) (chiefly in the negative form) to be worthless or boring; to be tasteless
5. (honorific) (only used in the following conjunctions below) to do something for the recipient; shows respect from the speaker to the doer
   1. [from 1715] Used after the 〜て form of a verb.
   2. [from 1820–1849] Used either after a native noun prefixed with お (o-) or after a Sino-Japanese noun prefixed with 御 (go-).

• The receiver is always the speaker or someone close to the speaker such as a family member. The giver is always someone of higher social status than the speaker. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• くれる (kureru)

Derived as the passive / potential / spontaneous / honorific conjugation of 下す (kudasu, “to lower something”).

下(くだ)さる • (kudasaru) ^†nidan

1. classical form of 下される (kudasareru)