中有

Chinese

FWOTD – 25 November 2024

		middle; centre; within middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing something); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)	to have; there is; there are to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be
trad. (中有)		中	有
simp. ^#(中有)		中	有

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit अन्तराभव (antarābhava), from अन्तरा (antarā, “between”) and भव (bhava, “birth; existence”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōngyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄧㄡˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōngyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhongyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹-yu³
  - Yale: jūng-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongyeou
  - Palladius: чжунъю (čžunʺju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng hjuwX

Rime
Character	中	有
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟弓切	云久切
Baxter	trjuwng	hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/ɦɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/ɦiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/ɣiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/ɦuw^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/ɣiu^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/ɣĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/i̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	jau⁵

Noun

中有

(Buddhism) bardo
- 潤中有惑名起結，潤生有惑名生結。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  润中有惑名起结，润生有惑名生结。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 7^th century, 普光, 《俱舍論記》, volume 10, in Taishō Tripiṭaka, volume 41, page 181
  Rùn zhōngyǒu huò míng qǐjié, rùn shēngyǒu huò míng shēngjié. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 關於「中有」是固態，還是流態的問題，論師們顯然觀點不一致。 [MSC, trad.]
  关于「中有」是固态，还是流态的问题，论师们显然观点不一致。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2021 September 25, 释静悟, 《论瑜伽行派的中有思想》, in 《法音》 [The Voice of Dharma], →ISSN, issue 445, page 12
  Guānyú “zhōngyǒu” shì gùtài, háishì liútài de wèntí, lùnshīmen xiǎnrán guāndiǎn bù yīzhì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

中陰／中阴 (zhōngyīn)

References

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “中有” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中	有
ちゅう Grade: 1	う Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちゅうう [chúꜜùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɨːɯ̟]

Noun

中(ちゅう)有(う) • (chūu)

(Tibetan Buddhism) bardo

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “中有”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
中	有

Noun

中有 • (jung'yu) (hangeul 중유)

hanja form^? of 중유 (“(Tibetan Buddhism) bardo”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
中	有

Noun

中有

chữ Hán form of trung hữu (“(Tibetan Buddhism) bardo”)