人間

人間

1. the human world; the world of mortals

• 世界 (shìjiè)
• 宇宙 (yǔzhòu)

From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space".

First cited to a text from 984.^[1] The kanji spelling is cited earlier in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references^[1] with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the ningen reading might itself date from 756.

• (Tokyo) にんげん [nìńgéń] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

人(にん)間(げん) • (ningen) 

1. [from 1120] human, person, human being

   人間(にんげん)社会(しゃかい)

   ningen shakai

   human society

2. [date uncertain] personality, character
3. [from 984? from 756?] (Buddhism) literally meaning: "human society", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)

• → English: ningen

• (person): 人類(じんるい) (jinrui), 人物(じんぶつ) (jinbutsu)

From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space".

First cited in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references^[1] with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the jinkan reading might be younger than this date.

人(じん)間(かん) • (jinkan) 

1. [from 756?] (archaic) the world in which people live; the world, society

• 世(よ)の中(なか) (yo no naka)
• 世(せ)間(けん) (seken)

A compound of 人 (hito, “people”) +‎ 間 (ma, “gap”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720,^[1] and also attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.^[4]

人(ひと)間(ま) • (hitoma) 

1. [from 720] (dated, rare) a place devoid of people
2. [from 1505] (dated, rare) a period of no contact with a person

人間 • (in'gan) (hangeul 인간)

1. hanja form^? of 인간 (“people, humanity”)

• (Tarama) IPA^(key): /ninɡin/
• (Nakachi, Irabu) IPA^(key): /niŋɡiŋ/

人(にん)間(ぎん) (ningin) 

1. human, person, human being
2. personality, character

• Tokuyama, Shun'ei (渡久山春英), Kenan, Celik (セリック・ケナン) (2020) 南琉球宮古語多良間方言辞典 [A Dictionary of Tarama Miyako, a dialect of Southern Ryukyuan], Tokyo (東京都): Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo, Gengo Hen'i Kenkyū Ryōiki (国立国語研究所 言語変異研究領域), →ISBN, page 343
• Tomihama, Sadayoshi (富浜定吉) (2013) 宮古伊良部方言辞典 [Miyako Irabu Dialect Dictionary], Naha (那覇市): Okinawa Times (沖縄タイムス社), →ISBN, page 504

人(にん)間(ぢん) (ninjin) 

1. human, person, human being

• Miyara, Shinshō (宮良信詳) (2021) うちなーぐち活用辞典 [Dictionary of the Practical Use of Okinawan] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京都): Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo, Gengo Hen'i Kenkyū Ryōiki (国立国語研究所 言語変異研究領域), →DOI, →ISBN, page 233

人間

1. chữ Hán form of nhân gian (“the human world; the world of mortals”)