侵害
Chinese
| to invade; to infringe; to approach | to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (侵害) | 侵 | 害 | |
| simp. #(侵害) | 侵 | 害 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qīnhài
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cinhài
- Wade–Giles: chʻin1-hai4
- Yale: chīn-hài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinhay
- Palladius: циньхай (cinʹxaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cam1 hoi6
- Yale: chām hoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsam1 hoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: cem1 hoi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm-hoi
- Hakka Romanization System: qimˊ hoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: qim1 hoi4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-hāi
- Tâi-lô: tshim-hāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chimhai
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³ hai⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cim1 hai7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshim hāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰim³³⁻²³ hai¹¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
侵害
Derived terms
- 性侵害 (xìngqīnhài)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 侵 | 害 |
| しん Grade: S |
がい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
侵害 • (shingai)
- violation, infringement, breach
- Ａ社は人権侵害で告訴された。
- Ａ Sha wa jinken shingai de kokuso sareta.
- Company A was sued for human rights violations.
- Ａ社は人権侵害で告訴された。
Verb
侵害する • (shingai suru) suru (stem 侵害し (shingai shi), past 侵害した (shingai shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "侵害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 侵害し | しんがいし | shingai shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 侵害し | しんがいし | shingai shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 侵害する | しんがいする | shingai suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 侵害する | しんがいする | shingai suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 侵害すれ | しんがいすれ | shingai sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 侵害せよ¹ 侵害しろ² |
しんがいせよ¹ しんがいしろ² |
shingai seyo¹ shingai shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 侵害される | しんがいされる | shingai sareru | |
| Causative | 侵害させる 侵害さす |
しんがいさせる しんがいさす |
shingai saseru shingai sasu | |
| Potential | 侵害できる | しんがいできる | shingai dekiru | |
| Volitional | 侵害しよう | しんがいしよう | shingai shiyō | |
| Negative | 侵害しない | しんがいしない | shingai shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 侵害せず | しんがいせず | shingai sezu | |
| Formal | 侵害します | しんがいします | shingai shimasu | |
| Perfective | 侵害した | しんがいした | shingai shita | |
| Conjunctive | 侵害して | しんがいして | shingai shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 侵害すれば | しんがいすれば | shingai sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 侵 | 害 |
Noun
侵害 • (chimhae) (hangeul 침해)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 侵 | 害 |
Verb
侵害