分子

See also: 份子

Chinese

	to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng)	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (分子)	分	子
simp. ^#(分子)	分	子
alternative forms	份子 Pronunciation 2

Etymology

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄗˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fun⁵ du²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chú / hūn-chír / hun-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ ze²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēnzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fenzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: fên¹-tzŭ³
  - Yale: fēn-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fentzyy
  - Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²
  - Yale: fahn jí / fān jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi² / fan¹ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji² / fen¹ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/, /fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    份子
    分子
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fun⁵ du²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chú
  - Tâi-lô: hun-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung¹ ze²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung tsṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: pjun tsiX

Rime
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	即里切
Baxter	pjun	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan¹	zi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] tsəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯn ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ tsi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*tsəʔ/
English	divide	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	17857
Phonetic component	分	子
Rime group	文	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	子
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

分子

side branch in a family tree
- 燕，周之分子也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]
  From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Yān, Zhōu zhī fēnzǐ yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
component
(chemistry) molecule
極性分子／极性分子 ― jíxìng fēnzǐ ― polar molecule

一分子甲烷 ― yī fēnzǐ jiǎwán ― a molecule of methane
(arithmetic) numerator

Derived terms

分子式 (fēnzǐshì)
分子晶體 / 分子晶体 (fēnzǐ jīngtǐ)
分子生物學 / 分子生物学 (fēnzǐ shēngwùxué)
分子結構 / 分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu)
超分子 (chāofēnzǐ)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fènzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁶ zi²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fun⁵ du²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chír / hūn-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁷ ze²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fènzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fènzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ³
  - Yale: fèn-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntzyy
  - Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan⁶ zi²
  - Yale: fahn jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    份子
    分子
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fun⁵ du²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁷ ze²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hūng tsṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

Noun

分子

(chiefly derogatory) member (of a class); element (of a group of people)
不法分子 ― bùfǎ fènzǐ ― offender

分裂分子 ― fēnliè fènzǐ ― separatist

Derived terms

反革命分子 (fǎngémìng fènzǐ)
叛亂分子 / 叛乱分子 (pànluàn fènzǐ)
右翼分子 (yòuyì fènzǐ)
壞分子 / 坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
左翼分子 (zuǒyì fènzǐ)
恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
投機分子 / 投机分子 (tóujī fènzǐ)
極端分子 / 极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
活動分子 / 活动分子 (huódòng fènzǐ)
活躍分子 / 活跃分子 (huóyuè fènzǐ)
犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
異議分子 / 异议分子 (yìyì fènzǐ)
知識分子 / 知识分子
積極分子 / 积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fènzi

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fènzi
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fènzi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ⁵
  - Yale: fèn-dz
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn.tzy
  - Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

Noun

分子

Taiwan standard form of 份子 (fènzi).

Pronunciation 4

Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen¹ zr / fen⁵ zr

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fen¹ zr / fen⁵ zr
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən³³ t͡sz̩³/, /ɸən²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

Noun

分子

(Xiang) mark; grade; score

Synonyms

分數／分数 (fēnshù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	子
ぶん Grade: 2	し Grade: 1
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 分子 (pjun tsiX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぶんし [búꜜǹshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

分(ぶん)子(し) • (bunshi)

Related terms

分母(ぶんぼ) (bunbo): denominator

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
分	子

Noun

分子 • (bunja) (hangeul 분자)

hanja form^? of 분자 (“molecule; element; numerator”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
分	子

Noun

分子

chữ Hán form of phân tử (“molecule, element”)
chữ Hán form of phần tử (“member (of a class); element (of a group of people, things)”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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