制度化
Chinese
| system; institution | ‑ize | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (制度化) | 制度 | 化 | |
| simp. #(制度化) | 制度 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhìdùhuà
- Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhdùhuà
- Wade–Giles: chih4-tu4-hua4
- Yale: jr̀-dù-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhduhhuah
- Palladius: чжидухуа (čžiduxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zai3 dou6 faa3
- Yale: jai douh fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai3 dou6 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: zei3 dou6 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²² faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-tō͘-hòa
- Tâi-lô: tsè-tōo-huà
- Phofsit Daibuun: zea'doxhoax
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ hua²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² hua⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ hua²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ hua²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
制度化
- to systematize; to institutionalize