功績

See also: 功绩

Chinese

		merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment	merit; accomplishment
trad. (功績)		功	績
simp. (功绩)		功	绩

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjì, gōngjī

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˋ, ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ zik¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kûng-chit

(Hailu, HRS): gung^ˋ zid
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-chek / kong-chit

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ zêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjì
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi⁴
  - Yale: gūng-jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjih
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公祭
    功績 / 功绩
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi¹
  - Yale: gūng-jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公積 / 公积
    公雞 / 公鸡
    功績 / 功绩
    攻擊 / 攻击
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gung¹ zik¹
  - Yale: gūng jīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dzik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ jig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公積 / 公积
    公職 / 公职
    功績 / 功绩
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chit
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ jid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡sit̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˋ zid
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵³ t͡sit⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chek
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongzeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chit
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongcid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ zêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tseh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡seʔ²/

Middle Chinese: kuwng tsek

Rime
Character	功	績
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	古紅切	則歷切
Baxter	kuwng	tsek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/t͡sɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/t͡sɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/t͡siek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/t͡siek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ [ts]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ ʔseːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	功	績	績
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	jī	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tsek ›	‹ tsek ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*[ts]ˁek/	/*[ts]ˁek/
English	work, effort	twist, spin	achieve; achievement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	功	績
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4021	1782
Phonetic component	工	朿
Rime group	東	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	績
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*ʔseːɡ/

Noun

功績

deed; achievement; feat; contribution
- 名聲若日月，功績如天地。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  名声若日月，功绩如天地。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Míngshēng ruò rìyuè, gōngjì rú tiāndì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

事蹟 / 事迹 (shìjì)
功勞 / 功劳 (gōngláo)
功勛 / 功勋 (gōngxūn)
功效 (gōngxiào) (literary)
功烈 (gōngliè) (literary)
勛伐 / 勋伐 (xūnfá) (literary)
勞績 / 劳绩 (láojì)
業績 / 业绩 (yèjì)
貢獻 / 贡献 (gòngxiàn)

References

“Entry #9257”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
功	績
こう Grade: 4	せき Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーせき [kòósékí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːse̞kʲi]

Noun

功(こう)績(せき) • (kōseki) ^{←こうせき (kouseki)^?}

attainment, performance, achievement

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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