勉強

See also: 勉强

Chinese

exhort
strength; force; power
strength; force; power; powerful; better
 
trad. (勉強/勉强) 勉 強/强
simp. (勉强) 勉 强

Pronunciation

Adjective

勉強

  1. forced; inadequate; grudging; reluctant
  2. passable; barely acceptable

Synonyms

  • (passable):

Adverb

勉強

  1. reluctantly; in a forced manner; grudgingly

Verb

勉強

  1. to force somebody to do something
  2. to make do; to do with difficulty

Synonyms

  • (to make do):

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (勉強):
  • → Japanese: 勉(べん)強(きょう) (benkyō, “study”)
  • → Vietnamese: miễn cưỡng (勉強)

References

  • 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “勉强”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN

Japanese

Kanji in this term
勉 強
べん
Grade: 3 		きょう
Grade: 2
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Sinitic 勉強 / 勉强.

Pronunciation

  • (Kyoto) べんきょー [béńkyóó] (Kōki – [0])[1]

Noun

勉(べん)強(きょう) • (benkyō) ←べんきやう (benkyau)?

  1. studying, studies, study
    成績(せいせき)のためだけの勉強(べんきょう)
    seiseki no tame dake no benkyō
    studying for the sole purpose of getting good grades
    ここは部活(ぶかつ)などよりも勉強(べんきょう)に熱心(ねっしん)な学校(がっこう)だ。
    Koko wa bukatsu nado yori mo benkyō ni nesshin na gakkō da.
    This high school is more serious about studies than clubs or sports.

Verb

勉(べん)強(きょう)する • (benkyō suru) ←べんきやう (benkyau)?transitive or intransitive suru (stem 勉(べん)強(きょう)し (benkyō shi), past 勉(べん)強(きょう)した (benkyō shita))

  1. to study
    英語(えいご)を勉強(べんきょう)する
    eigo o benkyō suru
    to study English
  2. to discount, to reduce the price of something
    勉強(べんきょう)させてもらいます。
    Benkyō sasete moraimasu.
    Let me discount / I'll give you a discount.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "勉強する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 勉強し べんきょうし benkyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 勉強し べんきょうし benkyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 勉強する べんきょうする benkyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 勉強する べんきょうする benkyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 勉強すれ べんきょうすれ benkyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 勉強せよ¹
勉強しろ² 		べんきょうせよ¹
べんきょうしろ² 		benkyō seyo¹
benkyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 勉強される べんきょうされる benkyō sareru
Causative 勉強させる
勉強さす 		べんきょうさせる
べんきょうさす 		benkyō saseru
benkyō sasu
Potential 勉強できる べんきょうできる benkyō dekiru
Volitional 勉強しよう べんきょうしよう benkyō shiyō
Negative 勉強しない べんきょうしない benkyō shinai
Negative continuative 勉強せず べんきょうせず benkyō sezu
Formal 勉強します べんきょうします benkyō shimasu
Perfective 勉強した べんきょうした benkyō shita
Conjunctive 勉強して べんきょうして benkyō shite
Hypothetical conditional 勉強すれば べんきょうすれば benkyō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

  • 勉強家(べんきょうか) (benkyōka): a studious person

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “べん‐きょう［‥キャウ］ 【勉強】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
勉強

Adverb

勉強

  1. chữ Hán form of miễn cưỡng (“reluctantly”)

Adjective

勉強

  1. chữ Hán form of miễn cưỡng (“reluctant”)
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