北極熊

See also: 北极熊

Chinese

		the North Pole	bear; to scold; to rebuke
trad. (北極熊)		北極	熊
simp. (北极熊)		北极	熊

Etymology

Compare Japanese 北極熊 (hokkyokuguma), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): běijíxióng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ gik⁶ hung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pet-khi̍t-yùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pak-ke̍k-hîm / pak-kia̍k-hîm

(Teochew, Peng'im): bag⁴ gêg⁸ him⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: běijíxióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: běijísyóng
  - Wade–Giles: pei³-chi²-hsiung²
  - Yale: běi-jí-syúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeijyishyong
  - Palladius: бэйцзисюн (bɛjczisjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bak¹ gik⁶ hung⁴
  - Yale: bāk gihk hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ gik⁹ hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ gig⁶ hung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ kɪk̚² hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ kid iung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ kid⁶ yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ kid (r)iung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ kid⁶ yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-ke̍k-hîm
  - Tâi-lô: pak-ki̍k-hîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkeghiim
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ him¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-kia̍k-hîm
  - Tâi-lô: pak-kia̍k-hîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkiaghiim
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻² him²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bag⁴ gêg⁸ him⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak ke̍k hîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚²⁻⁴ kek̚⁴⁻² him⁵⁵/

Noun

北極熊

polar bear

Synonyms

白熊 (báixióng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
北	極	熊
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	きょく Grade: 4	くま > ぐま Grade: 4

Alternative spelling
北極グマ

Etymology

Compound of 北極 (Hokkyoku, “North Pole; Arctic”) +‎ 熊 (kuma, “bear”).^[1]^[2]^[3] The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Compare Chinese 北極熊 / 北极熊 (běijíxióng), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほっきょくぐま [hòkkyókúꜜgùmà] (Nakadaka – [4])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ɡɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

北(ほっ)極(きょく)熊(ぐま) or 北極熊(ほっきょくグマ) or 北極熊(ホッキョクグマ) • (Hokkyokuguma) ^{←ほくきよくぐま (fokukyokuguma) or ホクキヨクグマ (fokukyokuguma)^?}

a polar bear

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ホッキョクグマ (hokkyokuguma).

Synonyms

白(しろ)熊(くま) (shirokuma)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]