反芻
See also: 反刍
Chinese
| wrong side out or up; anti- | surname; cut grass; hay surname; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (反芻) | 反 | 芻 | |
| simp. (反刍) | 反 | 刍 | |
| alternative forms | 反蒭 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faan2 co1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnchú
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnchú
- Wade–Giles: fan3-chʻu2
- Yale: fǎn-chú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanchwu
- Palladius: фаньчу (fanʹču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: faan2 co1
- Yale: fáan chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: faan2 tso1
- Guangdong Romanization: fan2 co1
- Sinological IPA (key): /faːn³⁵ t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-chho͘
- Tâi-lô: huán-tshoo
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoafnzhof
- IPA (Xiamen): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang2 cu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng tshu
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Verb
反芻
- to ruminate; to chew the cud
- (figurative) to meditate on; to mull over (past events)
Synonyms
- (to ruminate):
Dialectal synonyms of 反芻 (“to ruminate; to chew the cud”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 反芻, 倒嚼, 倒噍 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 反芻, 倒嚼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 倒噍 |
| Xi'an | 倒磨 | |
| Xining | 倒磨 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 倒磨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 回嚼 |
| Liuzhou | 反草 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 翻草 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 倒胲 |
| Huidong (Daling) | 倒草 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 翻肚 | |
| Changting | 倒草 | |
| Wuping | 倒草 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 倒草 | |
| Liancheng | 倒草 | |
| Ruijin | 倒草 | |
| Shicheng | 倒草 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 倒草 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 倒草 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 倒草 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 倒草 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 倒草 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 倒草 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 翻草 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 倒草 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 倒嚼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 翻草, 倒噍 |
| Zhangzhou | 倒噍 | |
| Tainan | 翻草 | |
| Wu | Jinhua | 轉嚼 |
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 反 | 芻 |
| はん Grade: 3 |
すう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 反すう |
Pronunciation
Noun
反芻 • (hansū)
- (of cows, etc...) rumination, regurgitation
- (figurative) meditating on, pondering
Verb
反芻する • (hansū suru) suru (stem 反芻し (hansū shi), past 反芻した (hansū shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "反芻する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 反芻し | はんすうし | hansū shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 反芻し | はんすうし | hansū shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 反芻する | はんすうする | hansū suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 反芻する | はんすうする | hansū suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 反芻すれ | はんすうすれ | hansū sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 反芻せよ¹ 反芻しろ² |
はんすうせよ¹ はんすうしろ² |
hansū seyo¹ hansū shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 反芻される | はんすうされる | hansū sareru | |
| Causative | 反芻させる 反芻さす |
はんすうさせる はんすうさす |
hansū saseru hansū sasu | |
| Potential | 反芻できる | はんすうできる | hansū dekiru | |
| Volitional | 反芻しよう | はんすうしよう | hansū shiyō | |
| Negative | 反芻しない | はんすうしない | hansū shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 反芻せず | はんすうせず | hansū sezu | |
| Formal | 反芻します | はんすうします | hansū shimasu | |
| Perfective | 反芻した | はんすうした | hansū shita | |
| Conjunctive | 反芻して | はんすうして | hansū shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 反芻すれば | はんすうすれば | hansū sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Derived terms
- 反芻類 (hansūrui)
- 反芻症 (hansūshō)
- 反芻胃 (hansūi)
- 反芻動物 (hansūdōbutsu)