古書

See also: 古书

Chinese

		ancient; old	book; letter
trad. (古書)		古	書
simp. (古书)		古	书

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔshū

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² syu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kú-sû

(Hailu, HRS): gu^ˊ shu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gu³ su¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-chu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔshū
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔshu
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-shu¹
  - Yale: gǔ-shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guushu
  - Palladius: гушу (gušu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    古書 / 古书
    鼓書 / 鼓书
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu² syu¹
  - Yale: gú syū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² sy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² xu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-sû
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˋ su^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ su²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ shu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻³³ ʃu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gu³ su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ su⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chu
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofzw
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kuX syo

Rime
Character	古	書
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	公戸切	傷魚切
Baxter	kuX	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo^X/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ko^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ^X/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ko^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/ku^X/	/ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo^X/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu²	syu¹

Noun

古書

antique book; ancient text

Synonyms

古冊 / 古册 (Hokkien)
古籍 (gǔjí)
經籍 / 经籍 (jīngjí)
舊典 / 旧典 (jiùdiǎn) (literary)
舊書 / 旧书 (jiùshū)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (古書):

→ Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)
→ Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)

References

“古書”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古	書
こ Grade: 2	しょ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕo̞]

Noun

古(こ)書(しょ) • (kosho)

an old book; a rare book; a classic
a second-hand book

Korean

Hanja in this term
古	書

Noun

古書 • (goseo) (hangeul 고서)

hanja form^? of 고서 (“an old book”)