嘆く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘆
なげ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai) 歎く

Etymology

From Old Japanese 嘆く (nage₂ku, “to sigh; to grieve over; to lament”). In turn, verbalized from noun 嘆き (nage₂ki₁, “sigh; lament”), derived as a compound of 長 (naga, “long”) + 息 (iki₁, “breath”).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なげく [nàgéꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
IPA^(key): [na̠ɡe̞kɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「嘆く」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	嘆く	なげく	`[nàgéꜜkù]`
Imperative (命令形)	嘆け	なげけ	`[nàgéꜜkè]`
Key constructions
Passive	嘆かれる	なげかれる	`[nàgékáréꜜrù]`
Causative	嘆かせる	なげかせる	`[nàgékáséꜜrù]`
Potential	-	-	-
Volitional	嘆こう	なげこー	`[nàgékóꜜò]`
Negative	嘆かない	なげかない	`[nàgékáꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	嘆かなかった	なげかなかった	`[nàgékáꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	嘆きます	なげきます	`[nàgékímáꜜsù]`
Perfective	嘆いた	なげいた	`[nàgéꜜìtà]`
Conjunctive	嘆いて	なげいて	`[nàgéꜜìtè]`
Hypothetical conditional	嘆けば	なげけば	`[nàgéꜜkèbà]`

Verb

嘆(なげ)く • (nageku) intransitive godan (stem 嘆(なげ)き (nageki), past 嘆(なげ)いた (nageita))

to mourn, to lament
to sigh

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘆く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嘆か	なげか	nageka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嘆き	なげき	nageki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嘆く	なげく	nageku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嘆く	なげく	nageku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嘆け	なげけ	nageke
Meireikei ("imperative")	嘆け	なげけ	nageke
Key constructions
Passive	嘆かれる	なげかれる	nagekareru
Causative	嘆かせる嘆かす	なげかせるなげかす	nagekaseru nagekasu
Potential	嘆ける	なげける	nagekeru
Volitional	嘆こう	なげこう	nagekō
Negative	嘆かない	なげかない	nagekanai
Negative continuative	嘆かず	なげかず	nagekazu
Formal	嘆きます	なげきます	nagekimasu
Perfective	嘆いた	なげいた	nageita
Conjunctive	嘆いて	なげいて	nageite
Hypothetical conditional	嘆けば	なげけば	nagekeba

References

^ “嘆く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DDJS-1] “嘆く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]