塗る
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塗 |
| ぬ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese.[1] Possibly related to 濡れる (nureru, “to get wet”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「塗る」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
塗る | ぬる | [nùrú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | [nùré] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | [nùrárérú] |
| Causative | 塗らせる | ぬらせる | [nùrásérú] |
| Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | [nùrérú] |
| Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろー | [nùróꜜò] |
| Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | [nùránáí] |
| Negative perfective | 塗らなかった | ぬらなかった | [nùránáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | [nùrímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | [nùttá] |
| Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | [nùtté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | [nùréꜜbà] |
Verb
塗る • (nuru) transitive godan (stem 塗り (nuri), past 塗った (nutta))
- to paint or plaster
- to spread on, to dab on, to apply
- 油を塗る
- abura o nuru
- grease, anoint with oil
- 油を塗る
- to fill in
- マークシートを塗る
- mākushīto o nuru
- to fill in the bubble sheet
- マークシートを塗る
Conjugation
Conjugation of "塗る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | nurareru |
| Causative | 塗らせる 塗らす |
ぬらせる ぬらす |
nuraseru nurasu |
| Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | nureru |
| Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろう | nurō |
| Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | nuranai |
| Negative continuative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
| Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | nurimasu |
| Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | nutta |
| Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | nutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
Classical conjugation of "塗る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
| Continuative (連用形) | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 塗れど | ぬれど | nuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 塗らば | ぬらば | nuraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 塗りき | ぬりき | nuriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 塗りけり | ぬりけり | nurikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 塗りつ | ぬりつ | nuritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 塗りぬ | ぬりぬ | nurinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 塗れり 塗りたり |
ぬれり ぬりたり |
nureri nuritari |
| Volitional | 塗らむ | ぬらむ | nuramu |
References
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN