始皇

Chinese

		beginning; first	emperor
trad. (始皇)		始	皇
simp. ^#(始皇)		始	皇
Literally: “first emperor”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shǐhuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci² wong⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Sí-hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): si² huang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shǐhuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shǐhhuáng
  - Wade–Giles: Shih³-huang²
  - Yale: Shř-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shyyhwang
  - Palladius: Шихуан (Šixuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci² wong⁴
  - Yale: chí wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi² wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi² wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sí-hông
  - Tâi-lô: Sí-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sy'hoong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si² huang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sí huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: syiX hwang

Rime
Character	始	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	詩止切	胡光切
Baxter	syiX	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨ^X/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨ^X/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕie^X/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨ^X/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiə^X/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭə^X/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi^X/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si²	wong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əʔ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯʔ ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	始	皇	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǐ	huáng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ syi^X ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥əʔ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	begin	yellow and white spotted	sovereign
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	始	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12291	12696
Phonetic component	台	王
Rime group	之	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	始	黃
Old Chinese	/*hljɯʔ/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes		禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Proper noun

始皇

Qin Shi Huang (259–210 B.C.E.)

Derived terms

始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì)
秦始皇 (Qín Shǐhuáng)
秦始皇陵