山林

Chinese

		mountain; hill	woods; forest
simp. and trad. (山林)		山	林

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shānlín

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ lam⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sân-lìm / sân-nà

(Hailu, HRS): san^ˋ lim / san^ˋ na
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): san-lîm / soaⁿ-nâ / soaⁿ-lîm

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ lim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shānlín
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shanlín
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹-lin²
  - Yale: shān-lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanlin
  - Palladius: шаньлинь (šanʹlinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ lam⁴
  - Yale: sāan làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ lem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-lìm / sân-nà
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ lim^ˇ / san^ˊ na^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ lim² / san¹ na²
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ lim¹¹/, /san²⁴ na¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˋ lim / san^ˋ na
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵³ lim⁵⁵/, /san⁵³ na⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-lîm
  - Tâi-lô: san-lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sanliim
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-nâ
  - Tâi-lô: suann-nâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoanaa
  - IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-lîm
  - Tâi-lô: suann-lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoaliim
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ lîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ lim⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: srean lim

Rime
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所閒切	力尋切
Baxter	srean	lim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/liɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/lim/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/ljem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/lim/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/liəm/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/lĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/li̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	lín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹	lam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar [r]əm/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːn ɡ·rɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	lín
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ lim ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*[r]əm/
English	mountain, hill	forest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	8165
Phonetic component	山	林
Rime group	元	侵
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	山	林
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*ɡ·rɯm/

Noun

山林

mountains and forests
mountain forest
(by extension) secluded place; seclusion

Japanese

Kanji in this term
山	林
さん Grade: 1	りん Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さんりん [sàńríń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sã̠n̺ɾʲĩɴ]

Noun

山(さん)林(りん) • (sanrin)

mountains and forests
mountain forest

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	林

Noun

山林 • (sallim) (hangeul 산림)

hanja form^? of 산림 (“mountains and forests”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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