already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards |
to come | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (已來) | 已 | 來 | |
| simp. (已来) | 已 | 来 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 已 | 已 | 來 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 羊己切 | 羊吏切 | 洛哀切 |
| Baxter | yiX | yiH | loj |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jɨX/ | /jɨH/ | /lʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jɨX/ | /jɨH/ | /ləi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ieX/ | /ieH/ | /lɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jɨX/ | /jɨH/ | /ləj/ |
| Li Rong |
/iəX/ | /iəH/ | /lᴀi/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭəX/ | /jĭəH/ | /lɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren |
/iX/ | /iH/ | /lɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yǐ | yì | lái |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
ji5 | ji6 | loi4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 已 | 來 | 來 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǐ | lái | lái |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yiX › | ‹ loj › | ‹ loj › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢ(r)əʔ/ | /*mə.rˁək/ (> *mə.rˁə) | /*mə.rˁək/ (> *rˁə) |
| English | cease; already | a kind of wheat | come |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 已 | 來 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14924 | 7598 |
| Phonetic component |
已 | 來 |
| Rime group |
之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
以 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*lɯʔ/ | /*m·rɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 巳轉註字 | |
已來
已來