幸福
Chinese
| fortunate; lucky | good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (幸福) |
幸 | 福 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hang6 fuk1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâing-hók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yin-foq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xìngfú
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sìngfú
- Wade–Giles: hsing4-fu2
- Yale: syìng-fú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqfwu
- Palladius: синфу (sinfu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hang6 fuk1
- Yale: hahng fūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: hang6 fuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: heng6 fug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen-fuk
- Hakka Romanization System: hen fugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hen4 fug5
- Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵ fuk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: hen˖ fug
- Sinological IPA: /hen³³ fuk⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-hok
- Tâi-lô: hīng-hok
- Phofsit Daibuun: hexnghog
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng-hok
- Tâi-lô: hǐng-hok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hêng6 hog4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng hok
- Sinological IPA (key): /heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: heangX pjuwk
Adjective
幸福
- (of one's life, circumstances, etc.) blessed and satisfactory; consummate; joyful; (of a person) living a blessed and contented life
Usage notes
The meaning of this word is difficult to render accurately in English. It is typically glossed as “happy; happiness” in dictionaries, however, a sharp distinction between 幸福 and some of the other words for “happy” is made in Chinese.
Xingfu typically refers to a state of long-term happiness with one's life, and implies having a loving family, spouse, or a sense of general well-being. This is in contrast to words such as 開心/开心 (kāixīn) and 快樂/快乐 (kuàilè), which refer to a state of fleeting happiness, or a relatively short elevation in mood that comes with certain news, event, activity, etc.
Derived terms
- 小幸福
- 幸福度
- 幸福感 (xìngfúgǎn)
- 幸福論 / 幸福论
- 幸福院
Noun
幸福
- sense of contentment stemming from having a blessed and fulfilled life; blissful life or living circumstances; happiness
- 曬幸福/晒幸福 ― shài xìngfú ― to show off one's moments of happiness (on social media)
- 婚姻幸福 ― hūnyīn xìngfú ― to have a happy marriage
- 追求幸福 ― zhuīqiú xìngfú ― to pursue happiness
- 創造幸福/创造幸福 ― chuàngzào xìngfú ― to create happiness in life
- 一點一滴的幸福/一点一滴的幸福 ― yīdiǎnyīdī de xìngfú ― every little bits of happiness in life
Synonyms
- (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)
Derived terms
- 性福 (xìngfú)
Descendants
Others:
- → Bouyei: xinqfuf
Proper noun
幸福
See also
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 幸 | 福 |
| こう Grade: 3 |
ふく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Adjective
幸福 • (kōfuku) ←かうふく (kaufuku)?-na (adnominal 幸福な (kōfuku na), adverbial 幸福に (kōfuku ni))
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 幸福だろ | こうふくだろ | kōfuku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 幸福で | こうふくで | kōfuku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 幸福だ | こうふくだ | kōfuku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 幸福な | こうふくな | kōfuku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 幸福なら | こうふくなら | kōfuku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 幸福であれ | こうふくであれ | kōfuku de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 幸福ではない 幸福じゃない |
こうふくではない こうふくじゃない |
kōfuku de wa nai kōfuku ja nai |
| Informal past | 幸福だった | こうふくだった | kōfuku datta |
| Informal negative past | 幸福ではなかった 幸福じゃなかった |
こうふくではなかった こうふくじゃなかった |
kōfuku de wa nakatta kōfuku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 幸福です | こうふくです | kōfuku desu |
| Formal negative | 幸福ではありません 幸福じゃありません |
こうふくではありません こうふくじゃありません |
kōfuku de wa arimasen kōfuku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 幸福でした | こうふくでした | kōfuku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 幸福ではありませんでした 幸福じゃありませんでした |
こうふくではありませんでした こうふくじゃありませんでした |
kōfuku de wa arimasen deshita kōfuku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 幸福で | こうふくで | kōfuku de |
| Conditional | 幸福なら(ば) | こうふくなら(ば) | kōfuku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 幸福だったら | こうふくだったら | kōfuku dattara |
| Volitional | 幸福だろう | こうふくだろう | kōfuku darō |
| Adverbial | 幸福に | こうふくに | kōfuku ni |
| Degree | 幸福さ | こうふくさ | kōfukusa |
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 幸福なら | かうふくなら | kaufukunara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 幸福に[1] 幸福なり[2] |
かうふくに かうふくなり |
kaufukuni kaufukunari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 幸福なり | かうふくなり | kaufukunari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 幸福なる | かうふくなる | kaufukunaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 幸福なれ | かうふくなれ | kaufukunare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 幸福なれ | かうふくなれ | kaufukunare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 幸福ならず | かうふくならず | kaufukunarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 幸福なれど | かうふくなれど | kaufukunaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 幸福なれば | かうふくなれば | kaufukunareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 幸福ならば | かうふくならば | kaufukunaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 幸福なりき | かうふくなりき | kaufukunariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 幸福なりけり | かうふくなりけり | kaufukunarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 幸福に | かうふくに | kaufukuni | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Synonyms
- 幸せ (shiawase)
Noun
幸福 • (kōfuku) ←かうふく (kaufuku)?
Synonyms
- 幸せ (shiawase)
Derived terms
- 幸福感 (kōfukukan): feeling of happiness
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 幸 | 福 |
Noun
幸福 • (haengbok) (hangeul 행복)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 幸 | 福 |
Noun
幸福
Adjective
幸福