忌憚
See also: 忌惮
Chinese
| avoid as taboo; jealous | dread; fear; dislike | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (忌憚) | 忌 | 憚 | |
| simp. (忌惮) | 忌 | 惮 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jìdàn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄉㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìdàn
- Wade–Giles: chi4-tan4
- Yale: jì-dàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihdann
- Palladius: цзидань (czidanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gei6 daan6
- Yale: geih daahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei6 daan6
- Guangdong Romanization: géi6 dan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯²² taːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī-tān
- Tâi-lô: kī-tān
- Phofsit Daibuun: kixdan
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹⁻²² tan⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki²²⁻²¹ tan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Noun
忌憚
- (literary) fear (which prevents one from doing something)
Derived terms
Related terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 忌 | 憚 |
| き Grade: S |
たん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- (chiefly in the negative) reserve, restraint, hesitation
- Synonym: 遠慮
- 忌憚なきご意見をお願いします。
- Kitan naki go-iken o onegaishimasu.
- Please give me your honest opinions.
- (literally, “… opinions that have no reserve”)
Verb
忌憚する • (kitan suru) ←きたん (kitan)?suru (stem 忌憚し (kitan shi), past 忌憚した (kitan shita))
- to fear
Conjugation
Conjugation of "忌憚する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 忌憚し | きたんし | kitan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 忌憚し | きたんし | kitan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 忌憚する | きたんする | kitan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 忌憚する | きたんする | kitan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 忌憚すれ | きたんすれ | kitan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 忌憚せよ¹ 忌憚しろ² |
きたんせよ¹ きたんしろ² |
kitan seyo¹ kitan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 忌憚される | きたんされる | kitan sareru | |
| Causative | 忌憚させる 忌憚さす |
きたんさせる きたんさす |
kitan saseru kitan sasu | |
| Potential | 忌憚できる | きたんできる | kitan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 忌憚しよう | きたんしよう | kitan shiyō | |
| Negative | 忌憚しない | きたんしない | kitan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 忌憚せず | きたんせず | kitan sezu | |
| Formal | 忌憚します | きたんします | kitan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 忌憚した | きたんした | kitan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 忌憚して | きたんして | kitan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 忌憚すれば | きたんすれば | kitan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||