怡

怡	U+6021, 怡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6021

← 怠
[U+6020]

CJK Unified Ideographs

怢 →
[U+6022]

Translingual

Han character

怡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口 (PIR), four-corner 9306₀, composition ⿰忄台)

Derived characters

𦲀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10470
Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 1
Unihan data for U+6021

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	l̥ʰɯː, l'ɯː, l'ɯː, lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	l̥ʰɯː, lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	l'ɯː, l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	l'ɯː, l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	l'ɯːʔ, lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	lɯːʔ, l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	l̥ʰɯ, hljɯ
眙	l̥ʰɯs, lɯ
治	l'ɯ, l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lɯ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yí (yi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yì

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi²
Eastern Min (BUC): ì
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): i²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): î

(Teochew, Peng'im): i⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶yi / ²yi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yí
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yí
  - Wade–Giles: i²
  - Yale: yí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ji⁴
  - Yale: yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: i²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: í
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: i²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
  - Tâi-lô: î
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: î
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Changzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ²yi
  - MiniDict: yi^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦi²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦi²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦi³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦi²²/

Middle Chinese: yi

Rime
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與之切
Baxter	yi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ/
Li Rong	/iə/
Wang Li	/jĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lə/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ yi ›
Old Chinese	/*lə/
English	cheerful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
No.	12292
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	飴
Old Chinese	/*lɯ/

Definitions

怡

amiable and cheerful
cheerful; happy; joyous

Compounds

下氣怡色 / 下气怡色
不怡
心怡神悅 / 心怡神悦
心怡神曠 / 心怡神旷
心曠神怡 / 心旷神怡 (xīnkuàngshényí)
心蕩神怡 / 心荡神怡
怡堂燕雀
怡怡
怡悅 / 怡悦 (yíyuè)
怡情悅性 / 怡情悦性
怡情理性
怡情養性 / 怡情养性
怡然 (yírán)
怡然自娛 / 怡然自娱
怡然自得 (yíránzìdé)
怡然自悅 / 怡然自悦
怡然自樂 / 怡然自乐
怡然自足
怡聲 / 怡声
怡聲下氣 / 怡声下气
怡色
怡顏 / 怡颜
怡顏悅色 / 怡颜悦色
熙怡
神怡心曠 / 神怡心旷
神怡心醉
神色怡然
言笑嘻怡
養怡 / 养怡

References

“Query for 怡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.