抗
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Translingual
Han character
抗 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手卜竹弓 (QYHN), four-corner 50017, composition ⿰扌亢)
Derived characters
- 𫩽, 𩷠, 𮅑, 𰞠
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11889
- Dae Jaweon: page 769, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1843, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6297
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
抗 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 炕 “to raise” | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 笐 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 亢 | *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs |
| 牨 | *kaːŋ |
| 苀 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 魧 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 迒 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
| 邟 | *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 忼 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ |
| 骯 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ |
| 抗 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 炕 | *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ |
| 伉 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 閌 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 犺 | *kʰaːŋs |
| 蚢 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 砊 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 阬 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
| 頏 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
| 航 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 杭 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 沆 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
| 肮 | *ɡaːŋ |
| 吭 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs |
| 秔 | *kraːŋ |
| 坑 | *kʰraːŋ |
| 劥 | *kʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ): semantic 扌 + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kong3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): kǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): káung
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5khaon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
- Wade–Giles: kʻang4
- Yale: kàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
- Palladius: кан (kan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kong3
- Yale: kong
- Cantonese Pinyin: kong3
- Guangdong Romanization: kong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khong / khóng
- Hakka Romanization System: kong / kongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kong4 / kong3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰoŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kongˇ / kongˊ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ¹¹/, /kʰoŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kong4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: korng4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
- Tâi-lô: khòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kang3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaŋ²¹³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: hang, khangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤaŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/, /*ɡaːŋ/
Definitions
抗
- to resist, to oppose
- 抗日戰爭/抗日战争 ― kàngrì zhànzhēng ― "War of Resistance Against Japan" (the Second Sino-Japanese War)
- 關公曰:「汝怎敢抗吾?」禁曰:「上命差遣,身不由己。望君侯憐憫,誓以死報。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Guāngōng yuē: “Rǔ zěn gǎn kàng wú?” Jìn yuē: “Shàngmìng chāiqiǎn, shēnbùyóujǐ. Wàng jūnhóu liánmǐn, shì yǐ sǐ bào.” [Pinyin]
- Lord Guan said: "How dare you oppose me?" (Yu) Jin said: "We were ordered from above, (we did so) not on our own accord. We hope ye, milord, would have mercy. We swear we'll repay that with death."
关公曰:「汝怎敢抗吾?」禁曰:「上命差遣,身不由己。望君侯怜悯,誓以死报。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) to raise; to lift; to elevate; to hold high
- 大侯既抗,弓矢斯張。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dàhóu jìkàng, gōngshǐ sīzhāng. [Pinyin]
- The great target is set up;
The bows and arrows are made ready for the shooting.
大侯既抗,弓矢斯张。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 卑溼、重遲、貪利,則抗之以高志。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Bēishī, zhòngchí, tānlì, zé kàng zhī yǐ gāozhì. [Pinyin]
- The self-deprecating people, the encumbered and sluggish, and the pettily covetous ones — we elevate them with a high spirit.
卑湿、重迟、贪利,则抗之以高志。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]- 寧與騏驥亢軛乎?將隨駑馬之跡乎? [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
- Nìng yǔ qíjì kàng'è hū? Jiāng suí númǎ zhījì hū? [Pinyin]
- Shall I rather hold myself aloft in the yoke of Pegasus, or waste away after the tracks of a Rocinante?
宁与骐骥亢轭乎?将随驽马之迹乎? [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Compounds
- 不可抗力 (bùkěkànglì)
- 不可抗拒 (bùkě kàngjù)
- 不抗不卑
- 八年抗戰 / 八年抗战
- 分庭抗禮 / 分庭抗礼 (fēntíngkànglǐ)
- 匹配阻抗
- 反抗 (fǎnkàng)
- 反抗期
- 對抗 / 对抗 (duìkàng)
- 對抗賽 / 对抗赛
- 抗凝血劑 / 抗凝血剂
- 抗利尿素
- 抗力 (kànglì)
- 抗力點 / 抗力点
- 抗原 (kàngyuán)
- 抗告 (kànggào)
- 抗命
- 抗塵走俗 / 抗尘走俗
- 抗心希古
- 抗志
- 抗憂鬱藥 / 抗忧郁药
- 抗戰 / 抗战 (kàngzhàn)
- 抗戰勝利 / 抗战胜利
- 抗戰夫人 / 抗战夫人
- 抗戰歌曲 / 抗战歌曲
- 抗手
- 抗拒 (kàngjù)
- 抗敵 / 抗敌 (kàngdí)
- 抗日 (kàngrì)
- 抗日戰爭 / 抗日战争 (Kàngrì Zhànzhēng)
- 抗旱 (kànghàn)
- 抗暴 (kàngbào)
- 抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
- 抗毒血清
- 抗氧化劑 / 抗氧化剂 (kàngyǎnghuàjì)
- 抗溼紙 / 抗湿纸
- 抗爭 / 抗争 (kàngzhēng)
- 抗生素 (kàngshēngsù)
- 抗疏
- 抗直
- 抗禮 / 抗礼
- 抗稅 / 抗税 (kàngshuì)
- 抗節 / 抗节
- 抗糧 / 抗粮
- 抗組織胺 / 抗组织胺 (kàngzǔzhī'àn)
- 抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
- 抗菌血清
- 抗藥性 / 抗药性
- 抗血清
- 抗行
- 抗衡 (kànghéng)
- 抗論 / 抗论
- 抗議 / 抗议 (kàngyì)
- 抗議文學 / 抗议文学
- 抗議書 / 抗议书
- 抗足
- 抗辯 / 抗辩 (kàngbiàn)
- 抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
- 抗邁 / 抗迈
- 抗震 (kàngzhèn)
- 抗章
- 抗頡作用 / 抗颉作用
- 抗顏 / 抗颜
- 抗首
- 抗體 / 抗体 (kàngtǐ)
- 拒抗
- 抵抗 (dǐkàng)
- 抵抗力 (dǐkànglì)
- 抵抗權 / 抵抗权
- 拮抗 (jiékàng)
- 搭抗
- 撇抗
- 擣虛撇抗 / 捣虚撇抗
- 暴抗
- 狼抗
- 負嵎頑抗 / 负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
- 負隅頑抗 / 负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
- 違抗 / 违抗 (wéikàng)
- 阻抗 (zǔkàng)
- 難與抗衡 / 难与抗衡
- 頑抗 / 顽抗 (wánkàng)
- 高抗
References
- “抗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “抗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 121.
Japanese
Kanji
抗
- fight against
- meet head on
- contravene
- to disagree with
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)、ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: あらがう (aragau, 抗う)、ふせぐ (fusegu, 抗ぐ)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 抗 (MC hang).
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
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