揆

揆	U+63C6, 揆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63C6

← 揅
[U+63C5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

揇 →
[U+63C7]

Translingual

Han character

揆 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手弓人大 (QNOK), four-corner 5203₄, composition ⿰扌癸)

prime minister
to guess, estimate

Derived characters

𦺕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 441, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12326
Dae Jaweon: page 791, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1926, character 8
Unihan data for U+63C6

Chinese

trad.		揆
simp. ^#		揆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (癸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
睽	*kʰʷiːl
湀	kʰʷiːl, kʷilʔ, ɡʷilʔ, kʰʷiːd
聧	*kʰʷiː
藈	*kʰʷiːl
癸	*kʷilʔ
葵	*ɡʷil
鄈	*ɡʷil
楑	ɡʷil, ɡʷilʔ
戣	*ɡʷril
鍨	*ɡʷril
騤	ɡʷril, kʷiːd
揆	*ɡʷilʔ
猤	*ɡʷils
闋	*kʰʷiːd

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuí (kui²)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai⁴ / kwai⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khùi

(Hailu, HRS): kui
Eastern Min (BUC): kūi / kùi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kúi / kûi / khúi

(Teochew, Peng'im): kui⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei²
  - Yale: kwéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwai⁴ / kwai⁵
  - Yale: kwàih / kwáih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai⁴ / kwai⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei⁴ / kuei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯²¹/, /kʷʰɐi̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khùi
  - Hakka Romanization System: kui^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kui²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kui
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰui⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kūi / kùi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui³³/, /kʰui⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gui³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi
  - Tâi-lô: kuí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kûi
  - Tâi-lô: kuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kui²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khúi
  - Tâi-lô: khuí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kui⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: gjwijX

Rime
Character	揆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求癸切
Baxter	gjwijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡiuɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡjuɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gwi^X/
Li Rong	/ɡui^X/
Wang Li	/ɡwi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gwi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷijʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	揆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuí
Middle Chinese	‹ gjwij^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷijʔ/
English	measure, estimate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	揆
Reading #	1/1
No.	4652
Phonetic component	癸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷilʔ/

Definitions

揆

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) guess; to conjecture; to surmise; to reckon
(dated or formal) leader of the government
閣揆／阁揆 ― gékuí ― (formal) prime minister; premier
1. (Hong Kong, Taiwan, formal) prime minister
  Synonyms: 總理 / 总理 (zǒnglǐ), 首相 (shǒuxiàng), 相 (xiàng)
  
  英揆 ― Yīng kuí ― the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2. (Taiwan, formal) president of the Executive Yuan; premier of the Republic of China
  Synonyms: 行政院長 / 行政院长 (xíngzhèng yuànzhǎng), 院長 / 院长 (yuànzhǎng)
  
  賴揆／赖揆 ― Lài kuí ― Premier Lai Ching-te

Usage notes

The modern usage of "prime minister" or "president of the Executive Yuan" is mostly on newspaper article titles. For the sense of prime minister of a country, this word is preceded by the short form of the name of the country. For the sense of premier of the Republic of the China, this word is preceded by the surname of the premier.

Compounds

一揆 (yīkuí)
揆一
揆席
揆度
揆情度理
揆诸
百揆
端揆
道揆 (dàokuí)
閣揆 / 阁揆 (gékuí)

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koe̍h

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koe̍h
  - Tâi-lô: kue̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kueʔ¹²¹/

Definitions

揆

alternative form of 劌 / 刿 (“to rub against; classifier for a segment or section of something that is long”)

References

“揆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“揆”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “揆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 127.

Japanese

Kanji

揆

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): き (ki)
Kun: はかる (hakaru, 揆る)、はかりごと (hakarigoto, 揆)

Korean

Hanja

揆 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
揆

Han character

揆: Hán Việt readings: quỹ^[1]^[2]^[3], quải^[1]
揆: Nôm readings: quậy^[1]^[2]^[4]^[3], cõi^[4], quẫy^[3], quẽ^[3], quảy^[1]

Noun

揆 • (cõi)

chữ Nôm form of cõi (“a domain, realm or land”)
- 1820, 阮攸 [Nguyễn Du], compiled by Liễu Văn Đường, 傳翹 [Truyện Kiều], published 1866, line 1:
  𤾓(trăm)𢆥(năm)𥪞(trong)揆(cõi)𠊛(người)些(ta)
  In the hundred-year span of a human life

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Trần (2004).

[tdcndg-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[btcn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Hồ (1976).

[tdcntd-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

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