放火
Chinese
to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out |
fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (放火) | 放 | 火 | |
| simp. #(放火) | 放 | 火 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fànghuǒ
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fànghuǒ
- Wade–Giles: fang4-huo3
- Yale: fàng-hwǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqhuoo
- Palladius: фанхо (fanxo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fong3 fo2
- Yale: fong fó
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong3 fo2
- Guangdong Romanization: fong3 fo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ³³ fɔː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piong-fó
- Hakka Romanization System: biong foˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: biong4 fo3
- Sinological IPA: /pi̯oŋ⁵⁵ fo³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-hé
- Tâi-lô: pàng-hé
- Phofsit Daibuun: parnghea
- IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-hóe
- Tâi-lô: pàng-hué
- Phofsit Daibuun: parnghoea
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bang3 huê2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pàng hué
- Sinological IPA (key): /paŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
Verb
放⫽火 (verb-object)
- (intransitive) to set on fire, specifically to commit arson
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 放火 (“to set on fire; to commit arson”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 放火, 縱火 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 放火 |
| Singapore | 放火 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 放火 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 放火 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 放火 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 放火 |
| Lichuan | 放火 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 放火 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 放火 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 放火 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 放火 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 放火 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 放火 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 放火, 放火燒 |
| Quanzhou | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Jinjiang | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Zhangzhou | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Taipei | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Kaohsiung | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 放火, 放火燒 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 放火, 放火燒 | |
Derived terms
- 一頭放火，一頭放水 / 一头放火，一头放水
- 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈 / 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng)
- 州官放火 (zhōuguānfànghuǒ)
- 放火燒 / 放火烧 (fànghuǒshāo)
- 放火犯 (fànghuǒfàn)
- 殺人放火 / 杀人放火 (shārénfànghuǒ)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 火 |
| ほう Grade: 3 |
か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese compound 放火 (MC pjangH xwaX, “let loose” + “fire”). Compare modern Chinese 放火 (fànghuǒ).
Pronunciation
Noun
- arson, setting fire to something
Derived terms
Verb
放火する • (hōka suru) ←はうくわ (faukwa)?intransitive suru (stem 放火し (hōka shi), past 放火した (hōka shita))
- to set fire to something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "放火する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放火し | ほうかし | hōka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放火し | ほうかし | hōka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放火する | ほうかする | hōka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放火する | ほうかする | hōka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放火すれ | ほうかすれ | hōka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放火せよ¹ 放火しろ² |
ほうかせよ¹ ほうかしろ² |
hōka seyo¹ hōka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 放火される | ほうかされる | hōka sareru | |
| Causative | 放火させる 放火さす |
ほうかさせる ほうかさす |
hōka saseru hōka sasu | |
| Potential | 放火できる | ほうかできる | hōka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 放火しよう | ほうかしよう | hōka shiyō | |
| Negative | 放火しない | ほうかしない | hōka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 放火せず | ほうかせず | hōka sezu | |
| Formal | 放火します | ほうかします | hōka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 放火した | ほうかした | hōka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 放火して | ほうかして | hōka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放火すれば | ほうかすれば | hōka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 火 |
Noun
放火 • (banghwa) (hangeul 방화)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 火 |
Verb
放火