日和

See also: 白和

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
日	和
ひ Grade: 1	より Grade: 3
kun'yomi	irregular

Thought to be derived from 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 寄り (yori, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 寄る (yoru), “to draw near”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

The use of 和 for "calm" is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひより [hìyórí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çijo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

日(ひ)和(より) • (hiyori)

weather (conditions)
Synonym: 天気 (tenki)
a clear sky, nice weather
Synonym: 晴天 (seiten)
a circumstance, situation
short for 日和下駄 (hiyori geta): clogs for use in dry weather

Derived terms

お日和(ひより) (ohiyori)
日和(ひよ)る (hiyoru, “be opportunistic”)
日和(ひより)下駄(げた) (hiyori geta)
日和(ひより)乞(ご)い (hiyorigoi)
日和(ひより)続(つづ)き (hiyoritsuzuki)
日和(ひより)待(ま)ち (hiyorimachi)
日和(ひより)見(み) (hiyorimi, “timeserving”)
日和(ひより)見(み)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (hiyorimishugi, “opportunism”)
日和(ひより)申(もう)し (hiyorimōshi)
日和(ひより)山(やま) (hiyoriyama)
秋(あき)日和(びより) (akibiyori)
朝(あさ)日和(びより) (asabiyori)
一(いち)石(こく)日和(びより) (ichikoku-biyori), 一(いっ)石(こく)日和(びより) (ikkokubiyori)
御講(おこう)日和(びより) (okōbiyori)
海(かい)路(ろ)の日和(ひより) (kairo no hiyori)
菊(きく)日和(びより) (kikubiyori)
狐(きつね)日和(びより) (kitsunebiyori)
小(こ)春(はる)日和(びより) (koharu-biyori, “Indian summer”)
霜(しも)日和(びより) (shimobiyori)
上(じょう)日和(びより) (jō-biyori)
中(なか)日和(ひより) (nakahiyori)
俄(にわか)日和(びより) (niwakabiyori)
春(はる)日和(びより) (harubiyori)
冬(ふゆ)日和(びより) (fuyubiyori)
雪(ゆき)日和(びより) (yukibiyori)

Idioms

泣(な)き出(だ)しそうな日和(ひより) (nakidashisō na hiyori)
待(ま)てば甘露(かんろ)の日和(ひより)あり (mateba kanro no hiyori ari)

Suffix

日和(びより) • (-biyori)

(figurative) perfect weather for an activity
散歩(さんぽ)日和(びより)
sanpo-biyori
good day for a walk outside

Derived terms

気(き)違(ちが)い日和(びより) (kichigai-biyori)
下(くだ)り日和(びより) (kudari-biyori)
出(で)日和(びより) (debiyori)
上(のぼ)り日和(びより) (nobori-biyori)
麦(むぎ)日和(びより) (mugibiyori)

Proper noun

日(ひ)和(より) • (Hiyori)

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
日	和
にわ
Grade: 1	Grade: 3
irregular

From a poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE, a shift in meaning from Old Japanese 庭 (⟨nipa⟩ → niwa, “area → wide open sea”):

c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro poem 256 by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro:
, text here
飼飯(けひの)海(うみ)乃(の)庭(には)好(よく)有之(あらし)苅薦(かりこも)乃(の)乱(みだれて)出(いづ)所見(みゆ)海人(あまの)釣(つり)船(ぶね) [Man'yōgana]
笥飯(けひ)の海(うみ)の庭(には)よくあらし刈(かり)薦(ごも)の乱(みだ)れて出(い)づ見(み)ゆ海人(あま)の釣(つ)り船(ぶね) [Modern spelling]
Kehi-no-umi no niwa yoku arashi karigomo no midarete izu miyu ama no tsuribune
The fishing grounds at Kehi must be yielding their riches today; scattering about on the waves, like freshly cut reeds, I can see the boats of fishermen.^[2]

The kanji spelling could be considered synchronically as an example of phonetic ateji (当て字), i.e. 日 (nichi > ni) +‎ 和 (wa), with the usage of the characters 日 (“the Sun”) and 和 (“tranquility”) also being considered phono-semantic matching, but the historical reading of 日和(には) (nifa) suggests this would probably be better analyzed as jukujikun (熟字訓).

Noun

日和(にわ) • (niwa) ^{←には (nifa)^?}

(archaic) calm sea
(archaic) calm weather
(archaic) good mood
Synonym: 機嫌 (kigen)

Proper noun

日和(にわ) • (Niwa) ^{←には (Nifa)^?}

a surname

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Marc P. Keane, Haruzo Ohashi, photography (2012) Japanese Garden Design‎^[1], illustrated edition, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] Marc P. Keane, Haruzo Ohashi, photography (2012) Japanese Garden Design‎^[1], illustrated edition, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]